Inte l l e c tu a l
e l o p m e n t
Dev
Individuality is never
measured by external
factors alone. Mental
ability forms part and
parcel of one's persona.
People differ in several
ways. Intelligence is one
element that separates
one from all others of the
All other things equal,
individuals have the ability
and even the skills to learn.
However, their innate
capacity allows them to
acquire and imbibe more
from their external
environment. These learnings
whether significant or not
become a basis for
evaluating, analyzing and
What is Intelligence?
Several philosophers
have asserted that
intelligence cannot be
absolutely measured
considering that
standards differ
according to time and
Einstein
himself said
that, "The
true sign of
intelligence is
not knowledge
but
While
Socrates said,
"I know that I
am intelligent,
because I
know that I
know
The true measure of
intelligence and its
definition cannot be
absolutely established.
Hence, we refer to how
psychologists have
endeavored to
conceptualize
Cognitive or
intellectual
development means
the growth of a child’s
ability to think and
reason. It's about how
they organize their
minds, ideas and
A swiss psychologist Jean
Piaget proposed four
major stages of cognitive
development, and called
them (1) sensorimotor
intelligence, (2)
preoperational thinking,
(3) concrete operational
thinking, and (4) formal
operational thinking. Each
stage is correlated with
an age period of
childhood, but only
Sensorimotor Stage
Pre-operational Stage
STAGE AGE DEVELOPMENT
-Infants discover relationships
between actions and the
Birth to consequences of these
Sensorimoto actions.
2 years -They learn to grasp, push,
r crawl, stand and walk.
old -Memory and early language
are developing
The child learns to use
language, represents objects
2-7 by using words, develops
Pre- memory and imagination,
years engages into make-believe
operational stories. The child thinks based
Concrete Operational Stage
Formal Operational Stage
STAGE AGE DEVELOPMENT
The child starts thinking
Concrete 7 to 10 logically about objects, events
and can concretely reason out.
Operational years Being egocentric is decreasing
Stage old while awareness of external
events is increasing.
11 The child thinks logically,
Formal
years formulate hypotheses and
Operational possibilities and becomes
old and concerned with personal and
Stage social relationships.
You are at the stage
of enhancing your
cognitive competence
which includes
reasoning, problem
solving, and abstract
thinking.
Your mental alertness
prompts you to
analyze conflicts,
problems and difficult
situations. Your sound
judgement prevents
you in making speedy
generalizations,