Mechanical Engineering Design
1
Engineering Design II [Link]
Important Factors in Design
Engineering Design II [Link] 2
Major Types of Mechanical
Wear
• Adhesive Wear
• Abrasive Wear
• Fatigue Wear
Engineering Design II [Link] 3
Mechanical Wear
• When two bodies are in sliding motion, the
harder member removes material from the
softer one during the process of sliding.
• As a result of sliding process, there is a
substantial amount of material lost by the
soft member at the end of sliding process.
• This loss of material is referred to as
mechanical wear.
Engineering Design II [Link] 4
Adhesive Wear
• Adhesive Wear: When similar materials are in
sliding motion, there is a tendency of the sliding
members to the stick to each the other.
• As a result of this, there is a stick and slip
motion which eventually removes material during
the sliding process and this type of wear is
referred to as adhesive wear.
Engineering Design II [Link] 5
Abrasive Wear
Abrasive wear occurs particularly when
hard grains of impurities (third body
particles) get between the two mating
surfaces, piercing to different depths and
thus leading to deformation and cutting of
microvolumes of the surface layers of the
mating elements.
Engineering Design II [Link] 6
Engineering Design II [Link] 7
Ductile Fracture
Engineering Design II [Link] 8
Relationship Between Stress & Strain
Engineering Design II [Link] 9
Wire Ropes
When a large amount of power is to be transmitted over long distances
from one pulley to another (i.e. when the pulleys are upto 150 metres
apart), then wire ropes are used. The wire ropes are widely used in
elevators, mine hoists, cranes, conveyors, hauling devices and suspension
bridges.
Engineering Design II [Link] 10
Wire Ropes
The wire ropes are made from cold drawn wires in order to have
increase in strength and durability.
The strength of the wire rope increases as its size decreases. The
various materials used for wire ropes in order of increasing strength
are wrought iron, cast steel, extra strong cast steel, and alloy steel. For
certain purposes, the wire ropes may also be made of copper, bronze,
aluminium alloys and stainless steels.
Advantages of Wire Ropes
The wire ropes have the following advantages as compared to fibre ropes.
1. These are lighter in weight 2. These offer silent operation
3. These can withstand shock loads 4. These are more reliable
5. These are more durable 6. They do not fail suddenly
7. The efficiency is high and 8. The cost is low.
Engineering Design II [Link] 11
Cross-section of Wire Ropes
Engineering Design II [Link] 12
Some Standard Wire Ropes and
their Applications
Engineering Design II [Link] 13
Sheaves or pulleys for winding ropes
Engineering Design II [Link] 14
Factor of safety of wire ropes
Engineering Design II [Link] 15
Sheave Diameters for wire ropes
Engineering Design II [Link] 16
Steel wire ropes used in oil wells
and oil drilling
Engineering Design II [Link] 17
A vertical hoist with wire ropes
Engineering Design II [Link] 18