Rajkiya Engineering College Azamgarh
Presentation on
Project
EDUCHAIN
Presented By: Under the supervision of:
Shruti Singh (1773613052) Mr. Ashok Kumar Yadav
Ashutosh Pandey (1773613014) Assistant Professor
Durgesh Kumar (1773613023) Department of Information
Technology.
Table of Contents
Introduction to Blockchain
Components of Blockchain
Features of Blockchain
Project Definition
Blockchain Development Platforms
Problems in Existing System
Features of Blockchain to mitigate the problems
Workflow of project
Tools & Technologies
References
Introduction to Blockchain Technology
Blockchain technology is a shared, distributed public ledger of
records that can record transactions in more efficient and verifiable
way.
Ledger in the blockchain keeps a record of all transactions
concluded across the peer to peer network.
Blockchain can also be seen as combination of cryptography and
distributed systems.
Centralized vs Decentralized vs Distributed
Fig 1 :Centralized, Decentralized and Distributed
(Img Src : [Link]
Components of Blockchain
Public Key Cryptography
Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Merkle Tree
Hash Function
Digital Signature
Consensus Algorithm
Public Key Cryptography
There are two types of cryptography-
1. Symmetric Cryptography (shared key)
2. Asymmetric Cryptography( Public and Private keys)
Asymmetric cryptography is also known as public key cryptography.
Sender encrypts the message with receiver’s public key and receiver
decrypt the message with his own private key.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography
• ECC generates key
through the
properties of
elliptic curve
equation.
• An elliptic curve is
a graph that
represents the
points generated
by elliptic Fig 2 : ECC
(ImgSrc:[Link]
equation. AarvnGGhrx4jPaRg6)
Merkle Tree
In a merkle tree, each non-leaf node is the hash of the values of
their child node.
Fig 3 : Merkle Tree
Hash Function
• Hashing transforms and maps an
arbitrary length of input data value
to a unique fixed length value.
• Most commonly used hashing
functions are:
[Link]-3
[Link]-256
[Link]-256
Fig 4 : Hashing
Properties of Hashing
Deterministic.
Quickly computed.
One-way function
Pre-image resistance and Secondary pre-image resistance.
Even a small change in the input will change the entire output.
Collision-resistant.
Puzzle friendly.
Digital Signature
Fig 5 : Digital Signature
Consensus Algorithm
It is the most important feature of Blockchain Technology as it
develops trust in trustless environment and ensures that all the nodes
in the blockchain network reaches to a common agreement.
Some common Consensus mechanism used are-
1. Proof-of -Work(PoW) : It is used in Bitcoin.
2. Proof-of-Stake(PoS) : It is used in Ethereum.
3. Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance(PBFT) : It is used in
Hyperledger.
Proof-of-Work(PoW)
Fig 6 : Proof-of-Work
Types of Blockchain
There are three types of blockchain:
Public Blockchain : open to everyone.
Private Blockchain : access provided by a single authority.
Consortium Blockchain : access provided by a group of authorities.
Public Vs Private Vs Consortium
Features Public Consortium Private
Consensus All miner Approved Miner Approved member of
Determination one organization
Centralization Fully Partial Partial
decentralized decentralized decentralized
Read Access Open to all Only approve nodes Only approve nodes
Write Access Anyone Approved members Approved members
Transparency Open Open Closed
Network Size Large(10000) Small(10-100) Small(10-100)
Consensus Permissionless Permissioned Permissioned
Table 2 : Public vs Private vs Consortium
Architecture of Blockchain
Fig 7 : Structure of Block
Architecture of Blockchain (Contd..)
Fig 8 : Architecture of Blockchain
Working of Blockchain
Fig 9 : Functionality Diagram of Blockchain
Blockchain Features
Peer to peer network
Scalability
Reliability
Immutability
Security
Transparency
Ensures trust in trustless enivronment
Project Definition
This project is the application of Blockchain Technology in the field
of education.
The term Educhain is a combination of two words: Education
system and Blockchain.
The main aim of this project is to store and share the academic
records of students in more efficient and secured way using
Blockchain Technology.
Existing system for academic records storage
The current system for storing academic records is purely centralized.
The records which are relevant to schools, only those records are kept
in schools. Same is the case with colleges and other institutes.
The whole academic records and certificates of the students are stored
in mainly two ways:
• Physical storage
• Digital storage
Problems in existing system
Physical Storage: Digital Storage:
Wear and tear problem. Stored on a central server.
Can be easily theft or lost. Central point failure.
Not easily accessible. Not accessible by everyone.
Not interoperable. Security issues.
Less availability. Not interoperable.
Problems in existing system (contd.)
Interoperability problem:
student
Submitted documents:
college Studentinstitute
training Trainer
• High school
certificate Sorry sir, Show me
it is your high
• Intermediate certificate school
submitte
• Transfer Certificate d in certificat
• Character Certificate college e
Fig10 : Inter-operability Problem
Features of blockchain technology to
mitigate the problems
Fig11 : Features of blockchain technology to mitigate the problems
Blockchain Development Platforms
• Introduction to Bitcoin
• Introduction of Ethereum
• Introduction to Hyperledger
Introduction to Bitcoin
• Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency which was
introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto in his
white paper in 2008.
• Bitcoin is used in decentralized peer to peer
network.
• Blockchain is a technology behind Bitcoin. Fig 12 : Bitcoin
• Bitcoin solves two basic problem-
1. Double Spending.
2. Central point failure.
Introduction to Ethereum
Ethereum is the application of blockchain
technology beyond financial services.
Ethereum is a blockchain platform which
enables us to write a smart contract for
developing decentralizeed applications(Dapps).
Ethereum uses Ethereum Virtual Machine(EVM).
Ethereum was launched in 2015 by
Vitalik Buterin.
Fig13 : Ethereum
(Img Src: [Link]
Some Terms used in Ethereum
EVM: Ethereum Virtual Machine allows developers to develop
decentralized application.
Gas: Gas is a unit which ensures that any transactions in not
running forever. It also computes that how much resources are used
in the execution of the transaction.
Ether: Ether is a token which is used in Ethereum
Smart Contracts
Smart Contracts is a immutable piece of code which performs the
functionality which is mentioned in the code.
Smart Contract is a digital contract.
Smart Contract is written in Solidity Programming language.
Smart Contract is very useful as it removes all the intermediaries from
any application.
Introduction to Hyperledger
• Hyperledger is neither a blockchain
nor a cryptocurrency.
• It is actually a project under The Linux
Foundation.
• It provides some tools and
frameworks for the development
of blockchain applications.
Fig 14 : Hyperledger
Bitcoin Vs Ethereum Vs Hyperledger
Characteristics Bitcoin Ethereum Hyperledger
Permission Permissionless Permissionless Permissioned
Restrictions
Consensus Proof-of-work Proof-of-work PBFT
Native currency Bitcoin Ether No
Business Logic Bitcoin Smart contracts Chaincode
Scripting
Language.
Table 1 : Bitcoin vs Ethereum vs Hyperledger
Reasons for using consortium blockchain
The academic records and certificates contain confidential information
which cannot be shared with everyone.
We cannot use private blockchain because there will be again a
centralization problem .
We want only trusted and known organizations to collaborate.
Using consortium blockchain will provide us decentralization.
System design of Educhain
User Layer – users interacting with blockchain
through wallets
Blockchain Layer - Transaction Records,
consensus, P2P network
System Layer – smart contracts
Fig 15 : System design of Educhain
Proposed Model (User layer)
Fig 16 : Proposed Model (User layer)
Proposed model (Continued..)
Fig 17 : Proposed model (Blockchain layer)
Proposed model (Continued…)
Fig 18 : Workflow of our proposed model
Tools and Technologies used for Educhain
Ethereum platform
Smart contracts.
Solidity for writing smart contracts.
Remix IDE.
Ganache and Truffle.
Nodejs
Postman tool for APIs.
IPFS
Some important notes for the project
Front end (HTML and javascript) is connected to the back end (smart
contract) with the help of ABI (Application Binary Interface) and the
address of the contract.
ABI contains all the necessary artifacts after the compilation of .sol
file.
Smart contract is deployed on the test network.
Metamask wallet is used for storing the ethers.
Some glimpses of implementation
We have created smart contracts for students and
organizations.
Continued..
We have deployed our smart contract on Remix IDE using
injected web3.
Current status of project
Stage Status Date
Choosing project topic Done 20/06/2020
Project proposal Done 30/06/2020
Literature survey Done 01/07/2020 - 01/11/2020
Project Planning Done 03/11/2020 - 03/12/2020
Project Implementation In progress 04/12/2020 - Present
Testing -
Re-iterating project -
Final submission -
Project metadata
Development Model Iterative Waterfall
Used
Expected completion Till Janauary 2021
Expected cost Rs. 0 (only some ethers)
Expected output -
About Team:
NAME ROLL NUMBER ROLE IN
PROJECT
Shruti Singh 1773613052 Project Leader +
Backend
Ashutosh Pandey 1773613014 Backend+
Documentation
Durgesh Yadav 1773613023 Front end
References
Hongzhi Li and Dezhi Han. “EduRSS: A Blockchain based
educational records secure storage and sharing scheme.” IEEE 2019.
Y. Chen, S. Ding, Z. Xu, H. Zheng, and S. Yang, ‘‘Blockchain-based
medical records secure storage and medical service framework,’’ J.
Med. Syst., vol. 43, no. 1, p. 5, Nov. 2019.
[Link],[Link],[Link],and [Link],‘‘Exploring blockchain technology
and its potential applications for education,’’ Smart Learn. Environ.,
vol. 5, no. 1, p. 1, 2018.
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