LOGARITHMIC

FUNCTION
LOGARITH

1
MIC

FUNCTIO
A Definition of Logarithmic Function E The Common Logarithm

B Exponential to Logarithmic and vice F Antilogarithm

C versa
Evaluating Logarithmic Function G Change of Base

D The Natural Logarithm

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"Just as logarithmic functions allow us to make

sense of exponential growth, remember that in life,
you can rise to any challenge and grow
exponentially through persistence and learning."
Unknown
 [Link]

What is a Logarithmic Function?

A logarithmic function is the inverse of exponential

function , where and . That is if and only if .

Note 1. A logarithm is a value of the logarithmic

: 2. A logarithmfunction.
is an
3. Anexponent.
exponential equation can be written in
logarithmic form
A
 𝑥
𝑦 =𝑏
[Link]

↓ 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑥=log 𝑏 𝑦
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
Exponential Logarithmic form
form
2
3
=8 log 2 8 = 3
−2 1 1
4 = log 4 =− 2
16 16

𝑏 =1
0
log 𝑏 1 =0
[Link]
 Logarithmi Exponenti
solution
c al
equation
log 𝑥 = 4
equation
4 𝑥 =81
3 3 =𝑥

8 2
log =3 3 8 𝑥 =
𝑥
27 𝑥 = 3
27

log 2 𝑥 = 4 2
4
=𝑥 𝑥 =16

1
log 𝑥
81
=−4
𝑥− 4
=
1
81
𝑥 =3

1 1 1 1
log 𝑥 = 2 1 𝑥=
81 2 𝑥 = 6561
81
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Solve for x:
A log
STAR𝑥 =7
2

log 2 𝑥 = 4

1
log 𝑥 4=
2

log 𝑥 =− 2

B
2
3
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Evaluate:
Evaluate:

Evaluate:
Solve for b in the equation:

C
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Evaluate:

C
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Evaluate:

C
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Evaluate:

C
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Solve for b in the equation:

C
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Evaluate:
A STAR
Evaluate:

Evaluate:
Solve for b in the equation:

C
Change of base
Formula:

FIND log 𝑏 𝑥=
log 𝑎 𝑥
log 𝑎 𝑏

𝑏 =2

𝑥 =7 log 2 7=
log 10 7
log 10 2

𝑎=10

log 2 7 =2 .807355
G
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Simplify each of the following using change of
A
og
STAR 27
base. 9

G
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Simplify each of the following using change of
A STAR
base.

og 64 4

G
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Simplify each of the following using change of
A STAR
base.

log 343 7

G
NATURAL LOGARITHM
Definition: If the logarithm has a base , it is called
natural logarithm. When it is written, we use the
notation . Thus, means

log 𝑒 𝑒= ln 𝑒=1

log 𝑒 1 =ln 1= 0
4
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒 =4 ln 𝑒= 4

D
NATURAL LOGARITHM
Change each of the following to its logarithmic
form:
𝑒
0
=ln 1
1 =0 𝑒
( 𝑥 − 1)
𝑧=𝑥 − 1
=ln𝑧

2 2
𝑒
2
= 𝑥 =2
ln 𝑥 𝑒 2 𝑥 +4
ln 9=2 𝑥 + 4
=9

3
𝑒 = 𝑦= 3
ln 𝑦 𝑒
− 0.7 1
= ln
2
1
2
=− 0.7

D
NATURAL LOGARITHM
Change each of the following to its exponential form:
2
ln ( 𝑥 − 4 ) = 2 ( 𝑥 − 4 ) =𝑒

ln 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 1 ) =− 1
( 2
( 𝑥 2 − 2 𝑥 + 1 ) =𝑒 − 1

1
ln ( 5 𝑥 − 7 ) = 1 / 4 ( 5 𝑥 − 7 )= 𝑒 4

ln ( 3 𝑥 − 5 ) = 2 / 3 2
3
( 3 𝑥 − 5 )= 𝑒

0
ln 1 =0 𝑒 =1

ln
1
2
=− 0.7 𝑒
− 0.7
=1 / 2 D
NATURAL LOGARITHM
Direction: Use a scientific calculator to
evaluate the following logarithms
correct up to 3 decimal places

1. 2. 3.

D
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Convert each of the following in its exponential
A STAR
ln ( 2 𝑥 − 3 ) = 3
form
2
ln (2 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 +1 )= 5

𝑥
ln 𝑒 = 𝑥

2 𝑥 +6
ln 𝑒 =𝑥 −8

( ) =0
3
5 𝑥 −7
ln

D
2 𝑥 −1
COMMON LOGARITHM
Definition: If a logarithm has a base 10, it is called
common logarithm. The base is no longer indicated
when writing a common log. Thus, means .
We have the following important facts:
log 10 10 =log 10 =1

log 10 1= log 1= 0
5
𝑙𝑜𝑔 10 =5 log 10=5
−1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.1=log 10 =− 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.001=log 10
−3
=− 3 E
EPILOGUE
Press in scientific calculator
𝑺𝑯𝑰𝑭𝑻 (−) 𝟕 𝟓 ¿ ¿

1.875061263

𝟏 . 875061263

Characteristics Mantissa
antiLOGARITHM
The inverse of the logarithm of a number,
𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( log 𝑁 ) =𝑁
Find x if
𝟏𝟎 𝒙 𝒚
𝟑.𝟓𝟐 ¿
𝑥 =𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 3.52=3311.31

Hence,

F
CS4: general
mathematics
SAMUEL CHRISTIAN
MR. ANGELO S. REYES
[Link]
LIANNE T. DEJERO
MR. LEANDRO ALBERTO
Review activity
Decode the message below by solving the following,
put the letter of the problem to the correct answer
below.
( 𝐺) 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 : log 8 𝑥=3
( 𝐼 ) 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 : log 𝑥 6561=4
( 𝑁 ) 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 log 7 9 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶h𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
( 𝑅 ) 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑛 1
( 𝑌 ) 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 log 5 5 √5

9 3/2 1.13 512 0

Th law
e
2 s

of logarithms
The laws of logarithms
For any base 𝑏,
log𝑏 𝑏 = 1
log𝑏 1 = 0
log𝑏 𝑏 = 𝑥 ሺ 𝑏 > 0,𝑏 ≠ 1ሻ
1st Law of Logarithm
𝑥

𝑏log𝑏𝑥
=𝑥

𝒍𝒏 𝒆=¿ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟎 .𝟓 𝟏=¿ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟕 𝟕 =¿𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟗 𝟓

=¿
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖 𝟖=¿𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟏=¿ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟑𝟒 =¿𝟐𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏𝟓
=¿
 𝑏 𝑏 =𝑥

log𝑏 𝑀𝑁= log𝑏 𝑀+ log𝑏 𝑁

2nd Law of Logarithm:
Logarithm of Products

log 2 ( 3 𝑥 )= ¿

𝑙𝑛 (5 𝑎)=¿
 𝑀
log𝑏 = log𝑏 𝑀− log𝑏 𝑁
𝑁
3rd Law of Logarithm:
Logarithm of Quotients

𝑥
log 15 =¿
11

𝑥
log 3 =¿
5
 log𝑏 𝑀 = 𝑎log𝑏 𝑀
𝑎
4th Law of Logarithm:
Logarithm of Power

3
log 4 9 =¿
8
log 𝑥 15 = ¿
𝑥
log 𝑒 5 =¿
Expand the following logarithms using laws of

logarithm.4 8
log 𝑥

log 4 ( 3 𝑥
25 )

2
log 𝑐 4

log 2 √7
3

2
Express the following as a single logarithm
term.
log 10 5 + log 10 20 𝑥

log 2 48 − 2 log 2 4 𝑥

1 1
log 9 + log 64
2 2

3 log 4 𝑥 + 2 log 4 𝑦
Your turn to shine like a diamond
Expand the following expression in
terms of the logarithmic factors.

log ⁡(𝑎𝑏 )
2 Express the following as a single
2 logarithm term.
𝑒
log ⁡( )
4 log 8+ log3 − log 6
3
3
log 3 ⁡( )
𝑥
1
2
[ log 𝑏 ( 𝑥 + 1 ) − log 𝑏 ( 𝑥 − 1)
Any QUESTION?
 ACTIVITY.
Study the following given:
A.
B.
C.
How A, B, and C are similar, and how
they are different?
solving logarithmic

3
equations inequalities
 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
A logarithmic function is a function defined by
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =log 𝒃 𝒙
If and only if,
for all positive real numbers 𝑥 and 𝑏, and 𝑏≠1.

[Link]
 Logarithm of a Number

𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝑵 = 𝒙
If and only if,

[Link]
 Property of Equality for
Logarithmic Equations
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝑴=𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝑵
If and only if,

[Link]
EXAMPLE
Solve:
Solve:
Solve:

03
EXAMPLE
Solve:

03
EXAMPLE
Solve:

03
Solving logarithmic inequalities
Solve:

03
Solving logarithmic inequalities
Solve:

03
Solving logarithmic inequalities
Solve:

03
Your turn to shine like a diamond
log 10 ( 3 𝑥 + 5 )= 2

2𝑥
3 =20

log ( 𝑥 + 36 ) > log 100

2
log ( 𝑥 + 3 ) + log 2 𝑥 − log 𝑥 =3 log 2

03