IMPLEMENTATION
STEPS
INTRODUCTION
Introduction: Summary
diagram
1. Objectives
Problem/ implementatio
2. Strategies/
situation n
activities
3. Resource
analysis
4. Time plan
5. budgeting
Introduction cont.…Elements of
implementation steps
1. Objectives
[Link]/activities
[Link] analysis
[Link] plan
[Link]
Definition of implementation
steps
Implementation -refers to taking action
Implementation steps - involves careful
organizations of ideas, objectives,
resources, time, finances and activities to
solve a problem or situation.
Implementation step as learnt earlier are
dependent on the targeting method/type
used. (objectives & benefits of intervention).
[Link]
These are aims or goals that need to be
achieved by implementing an intervention.
They are highlighted from general to
specific, also in order of importance in
regard to type of intervention.
Conti…. objectives
General objectives
Enhance sustainability.
For easier monitoring and evaluation of
intervention e.g. follow ups.
Social empowerment.
Develop a national strategy for
implementation of intervention. Provides
evidence that assist in decision making.
Conti…. General
objectives
Coordinate and cooperate with the policy
makers/local authorities/local leaders.
Considering factors such as culture &
religious beliefs.
Identify and orient key stakeholders.
Involves sponsors, donors, governmental
and NGO’s.
Conti… general objectives
Obtain and prepare key resources and tools
needed for intervention.
Maximize the use of local resources to
generate income and create employment
i.e. depending targeting population. E.g.
rural areas maximize land use for growth of
plants and application of mixed farming.
Conti…objectives
Specific objectives
Improve health and nutrition well being,
health & nutrition related intervention i.e.
reduce/prevent malnutrition (under
nutrition/over nutrition),feeding programs,
nutrition education among others.
Conti…. Specific objectives
Provide machinery, equipment, knowledge
& skills and fertilizer. (intervention targeting
agriculture sector).
To improve and impact a positive behavioral
change e.g. mother support groups,
comprehensive care clinics (CCC), nutrition
counseling among others.
[Link]/activities
Involves all the actual activities undertaken
in order to achieve the goals/objectives of
an intervention action.
Activities are clearly arranged and
prioritized to ensure effectiveness of
intervention. In terms of resources (human
& finance) needed and sustenance
( evaluation and monitoring).
Conti…
strategies/activities
Examples include;
Training personnel participating in an
intervention e.g. the community to ensure
sustainability.
Orientation of the key stakeholders
including sponsors, donors, governmental &
NGO’s i.e. explaining objectives, how much
is needed, when is needed and most
important the benefits.
Conti… activities/strategies
Advertisements including via media sources
such as TV, radio among others.
Booking of rooms and halls needed.
Permission from local authorities & local
leaders, to ensure that they support
whatever action is being undertaken.
Holding seminars, campaigns and group
discussions (depending on targeting
method).
Conti…..strategies/
activities
Printing and typing of necessary documents
including questionnaires, booklets, posters
among others.
Nutrition intervention; gathering
anthropometric, biochemical and dietary
tools such as the MUAC tape, weight and
height equipment,24hr recall, food
frequency & food history questionnaires and
equipment for carrying various tests such
as blood sugar, urine test, serum albumin
test among others.
[Link] analysis
Includes; resource allocation i.e. define
what is required? When is it required?
How much is needed? Who is required? To
achieve or attain the intervention.
Examples are human and finance resources,
furniture & equipment, communication tools
[Link] plan
Duration of intervention i.e. either long or
short term and this depends on nature and
effectiveness of intervention.
Long term interventions require longer
period (secondary/underlying problems)
while short term interventions require
short time (primary/immediate problems) to
be accomplished.
Example of time plan
Short term Primary/immediate Examples; Food
problems; aids, TV & radio
Food insecurities shows, some
Insufficient educational skills
knowledge & skills such as how to
Insufficient funds start a business,
agricultural skills,
financial assistance
(loans) among
others.
Long term Secondary/underlying Examples; education
problems; on proper hygiene
Intestinal worm and sanitation,
infestation immunizations,
Under-utilization of behavior change
local resources initiatives among
Malnutrition (poor others
dietary intake)
[Link]
Involves determination of the costs
associated with the defined activities of the
intervention.
Key tool for stakeholders to know how much
is needed to complete the project. Also help
in proper utilization of funds according to
the activities undertaken.
Dependent on whether intervention is long
or short term
Example of budget
Short /long term costs
Communication tools
Human resources
Equipment & furniture
Medical & nutrition tools
Grand total
Challenges of implementation
steps
Inadequate resources i.e. human,
equipment & finance.
Overestimation and underestimation of
budget.
Acceptance- due to culture and religion.
Time consuming
Implementation steps are expensive
especially in terms of resources.
Example of an implementation
step
The 10 steps of BFHI (baby friendly
initiatives)/ 7 steps of BFCI (baby friendly
community initiatives). Aim, to
encourage/educate on importance of
breastfeeding among mothers (target
group) at community/hospital level. This is
long term intervention to reduce infant
diseases and mortality rates. Resources
may include; trained personnel & education
tools.
conclusion
It’s important to apply the discussed
elements to attain a given implementation
of intervention, through careful organization
of concepts involved as this will help
achieve the goal, completion of project
within the required duration of time, and
proper use of resources required, in regard
to the type/method of targeting used.