Typhoons
What is a typhoon?
A tropical cyclone/typhoon is
a storm system characterized by
counterclockwise rotating air
mass around a central part called
eye that has a low pressure.
BioBits!
How many typhoons enter the
Philippines every year?
BioBits!
According to the Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical, and
Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA), about 20 tropical cyclones
enter the Philippine Area of
Responsibility each year.
Winds in a typhoon move in a
certain direction; they go around a
central area called the eye.
The appearance of the clouds
in a typhoon are in a spiral
arrangement; they are being
blown by winds in a counter-
clockwise direction.
Categories of Tropical Cyclone
CATEGORY MAXIMUM WIND SPEED
(kph)
Tropical Depression 64
Tropical Storm 118
Typhoon 200
Supertyphoon Greater than 200
The term typhoon is used only
in the northwestern part of the
Pacific Ocean.
In the northeastern part of the
Pacific Ocean and in the northern
part of the Atlantic ocean, the
equivalent term is hurricane
The difference is the geographical
area where they occur.
Daily Checkup!
[Link] many typhoons enter the Philippines every
year?
2. What is PAG ASA?
3. What are the 4 categories of a tropical cyclone?
4. What is the difference between typhoons and
hurricanes?
P.A.R.
Phil. Area of Responsibility
What is P.A.R.?
Where is P.A.R. located?
Points Longitude, Latitude
A 115 E, 5 N
o o
B 115 E, 15 N
o o
C 120oE, 21oN
D 120 E, 25 N
o o
E 135 E, 25 N
o o
F 135oE, 5oN
Let’s Practice!
Points Latitude, Longitude
A 6oN, 126oE
B 16oN, 130oE
C 19oN, 127oE
D 22oN, 140oE
E 22oN, 116oE
Questions:
[Link] a typhoon is located at 15oN,138oE,
is it within the PAR?
[Link] about if the typhoon is at 19oN,
117oE, is it inside the PAR?
How do Tropical
Cyclones Form?
Harurot, Agaton, 2002
2003
Yoyong, 2004 Huaning,
2005
Dissecting a
Tropical Cyclone
Location A B C D
Air
pressure*
in 930 960 980 990
millibars
(mb)
Compare the air pressures at A,B,C
and D. What do you notice?
Air Pressure
The lowest air pressure is found
at the eye of a tropical cyclone,
in fact all tropical cyclones have
low air pressure at the center.
Location E F
Wind speed
10 200
(km/hour)
Compare the wind speed within the
eye and at the eyewall. What can
you say?
Air Pressure
At the eye of a tropical storm,
wind speed is low. But in the
dense clouds surrounding the
eye or at the eyewall, wind
speed is great.
“calm before the storm”
One side of the eyewall brings
strong winds, then comes the
eye with its somewhat calm
weather followed by the other
side of the eyewall.
Think Pa More!!
How does air pressure and
wind speed help weathermen
locate the eye of a tropical
cyclone?
Daily Checkup!
[Link] do we mean by the statement “calm
before the storm.”
[Link] does air pressure and wind speed help
weathermen locate the eye of a tropical cyclone?
Assignment:
Read about the Public
Storm Warning Signals
(6:00am)
In a small pond, there is a fish
that doubles every minute.
(12:00nn)
The pond was full of fishes.
Question:
When was the pond half-filled?
PUBLIC STORM
WARNING
SIGNALS
PSWS # 1
What it means:
A tropical cyclone will affect the
locality in at least 36 hours
Winds of 30-60 kph and irregular
rains is expected in at least 36
hours
The following may happen:
Twigs and branches of small trees
are broken
Some houses of very light
materials are partially unroofed
Rice crops suffer significant
damage in its flowering stage
What to do:
Watch out for big waves
Listen to severe weather bulletin
issued by PAGASA
PSWS # 2
What it means
A tropical cyclone with winds of
greater than 60 kph up to 100 kph
will affect the locality in at least 24
hours.
The following may happen
Large number of nipa and cogon
houses may be partially or totally
unroofed
Light to moderate damage to
exposed communities
Rice and corn may be adversely
affected
The following may happen
The following may happen
Few big trees may be uprooted
Many banana plants may be
downed
Some coconut trees may be tilted
while few are broken
What to do
Avoid riding small seacraft
Those who travel by sea and air
should avoid unnecessary risks
Postpone outdoor activities of
children
PSWS # 3
What it means
A tropical cyclone with winds of
greater than 100 kph to 185 kph
will affect the locality in at least 18
hours.
The following may happen
Many coconut trees are broken or
destroyed
Almost all banana plants downed
and a large number of trees
uprooted
Rice and corn crops suffer heavy
losses
The following may happen
Majority of all nipa and cogon
houses are uprooted or destroyed;
considerable damage to structures
of light to medium construction
The following may happen
Widespread disruption of electrical
power and communication
services
Moderate to heavy damage
experienced in agricultural and
industrial sectors
What to do
Avoid riding in any seacraft
Seek shelter in strong buildings
Evacuate from low lying areas
Stay away from coasts and
riverbanks
PSWS # 4
What it means
A very intense typhoon carrying
very strong winds of more than
185 kph will affect the locality in at
least 12 hours
The following may happen
Coconut plantation may suffer
extensive damage
Many large trees may be uprooted
Rice and corn plantation may
suffer severe losses
Damage to affected communities
can be very heavy
The following may happen
Most residential and institutional
buildings of mixed construction
may be severely damaged
Electrical power distribution and
communication services maybe
severely disrupted
The following may happen
Most residential and institutional
buildings of mixed construction
may be severely damaged
Electrical power distribution and
communication services maybe
severely disrupted
What to do
All travels and outdoor activities
should be cancelled
Evacuate to safe shelters
My Five
to Survive
Directions
List 5 important things
that you will include in your
emergency kit. A
representative will present
their work in front.