Srinivas Institute Of Technology
Introduction to Biomolecules
Biomolecules are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms. This
presentation will explore the five major classes of biomolecules and their critical
roles in sustaining life.
Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches
Simple Sugars Complex Carbohydrates Diverse Functions
Monosaccharides like glucose and fructose Starches and cellulose are long chains of Carbohydrates are also found in
provide quick energy for cells. simple sugars that store and provide glycoproteins, glycolipids, and
structural support. serve as energy reserves.
Lipids: Fats and Oils
1 Triglycerides
Fats and oils are composed of long hydrocarbon chains and
provide dense energy storage.
2 Phospholipids
These form the essential building blocks of cell membranes,
controlling permeability.
3 Steroids
Molecules like cholesterol and hormones have a distinct four-ring
structure.
Proteins: Building Blocks of Life
Amino Acids Folding and Structure
Proteins are long chains of these The specific 3D shape of proteins
small organic compounds with determines their function, from
diverse side chains. enzymes to antibodies.
Versatile Roles Regulation
Proteins catalyze reactions, provide Cellular processes tightly control
structural support, transport protein expression, modification,
materials, and more. and degradation.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
DNA RNA
The genetic blueprint that stores and Involved in protein synthesis and gene
transmits hereditary information. regulation through transcription and
translation.
Genes Genomes
Discrete units of DNA that code for The complete set of genetic material
specific proteins or functional RNAs. possessed by an organism.
Biomolecules in Action
Synthesis
Biomolecules are produced through complex biosynthetic
pathways.
Interactions
Biomolecules form intricate networks and engage in dynamic
interactions.
Regulation
Cellular mechanisms tightly control the levels and activities of
biomolecules.
THANK YOU