1
Type
of
Soil
Cu + Re + Cu +
Loam
CURRICULUM
2
Symbol of
91st Element
in the Periodic
Table
CAP + Pa + Sea +
Thor
CAPACITOR
3
ter
Ray + sister - ter
+ tore
RESISTOR
4
gg
ID + Egg -
gg
IDE
5
Co +
ding
CODING 6
R R
Mic + Row + Corn – R +
Trolley + R
MICROCONTROLLER
7
Madilyn B. Povadora
Facilitator
Madilyn B. Povadora
Facilitator 8
9
10
11
Microcontroll
er
• It is the most prominent black
rectangular chip with 28 pins.
Think of it as the brains of
your Arduino.
• The microcontroller used on
the UNO board is Atmega328P
by Atmel ( a major
microcontroller manufacturer)
12
Microcontroller -
Atmega328P (1-2)
• Flash memory of 32KB. The
program loaded from
Arduino IDE is stored here.
• RAM of 2KB. This is a
runtime memory (memory
used during the execution of
a program)
• CPU: It controls
everything that goes on
within the device. 13
Microcontroller -
Atmega328P (2-2)
• Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read Only
Memory (EEPROM) of 1KB.
This is a type of
nonvolatile memory, and
it keeps the data even after
device restart and reset.
14
USB port
• USB port used to load
a program from the
Arduino IDE onto the
Arduino board.
• The board can also
be powered through
this port.
15
Power
port
• The board can be powered
through an AC-to-DC adapter
or a battery of up to 20V (5V
is recommended).
• The power source can be
connected by plugging in a
2.1mm center-positive plug
into the power jack of the
board.
16
Analog input
pins
• Pins labeled “Analog 0 to 5.”
These pins can read the signal
from an analog sensor like a
temperature sensor and
convert it into a digital value
so that the system
understands.
• These pins can also be used
for digital input or output.
17
Digital pins
(1-3)
• Pins labeled “Digital 0 to
13.” Can be used as
either input or output
pins.
• When used as output,
these pins act as a
power supply source for
the components
connected to them.
18
Digital pins
(2-3)
• As output pins, they supply
40 milliamps of current at 5
volts, which is more than
enough to light an LED.
• When used as input pins,
they read the signals from the
component connected to
them.
19
Digital pins
(3-3)
• Some of the digital pins are
labeled with tilde (~) symbol
next to the pin numbers (pin
numbers 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11).
• These pins act as normal digital
pins but can also be used for
Pulse-Width Modulation
(PWM), which simulates analog
output like fading a LED in and
out.
20
Reset Switch
• When this switch is
clicked, it sends a logical
pulse to the reset pin of
the Microcontroller, and
now runs the program
again from the start.
21
Crystal
oscillator
• This is a quartz crystal
oscillator which ticks 16
million times a second.
• On each tick, the
microcontroller performs
one operation, for example,
addition, subtraction, etc.
22
USB interface
chip
• Think of this as a
signal translator.
• It converts signals in
the USB level to a level
that an Arduino UNO
board understands.
23
TX – RX LED
indicator
• TX stands for transmit,
and RX for receive.
• These are indicator LEDs
which blink whenever
the UNO board is
transmitting or receiving
data.
24
Activit
y:
Lighting
up an
Arduino
Why do we
need to
perform
“Lighting up
an Arduino”
2
6
1. Introduction to
Electronics
fundamental concepts (voltage,
current, and resistance)
provides practical experience
with electronic circuits
2
7
2. Programming Skills
programming through
Arduino’s user-friendly
interface and language
write code to control hardware,
reinforcing logical thinking.
2
8
3. Problem-Solving
develop critical thinking and
troubleshooting skills
importance of testing and
refining their designs
2
9
4. Creativity and
Innovation
create their own projects,
encouraging creativity and
innovation
different circuits and
components, leading to unique
outcomes
3
0
5. Understanding of
Sensors and Inputs
expand projects by adding
sensors, and make their
designs interactive
applicable in various fields
(robotics, automation, and
smart devices) 3
1
6. Foundation for
Advanced
Lighting an Topics
LED is a
foundational skill that can lead
to more complex projects.
Skills learned can be
foundational for careers in
engineering, computer science,
and technology. 3
2
Activit
y:
Lighting
up an
Arduino
Materials:
• Arduino board
• An LED (any color will do) or more
• 1k Ohm resistor for the LED
• 10k Ohm resistor for the push button
• A Switch/Button
• A Breadboard & jumper wires
3
4
3
5
The
Code
3
6
References
• [Link]
• [Link] development-of-Arduino
• [Link] arduino-uno-board/
• [Link]
• [Link] esp8266-pinout-
features-and-datasheet
• [Link] button/
37
"Microcontrollers remind
us that even the smallest
components can create
powerful systems;
similarly, in education,
Thank You!
our smallest actions can
lead to significant
changes in the lives of
learners and the world 36
Thank You!
36