Raven’s Progressive Matrices IQ
Test
• The tests was developed by John C. Raven in
1936
• Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings.
• It is used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of
fluid intelligence (ability to solve new problems,
using language in new situations, and identify
patterns).
• Raven thought that the tests commonly in use at
that time were cumbersome to administer and
the results difficult to interpret.
• Accordingly, he set about developing simple
measure of one of the components of
Spearman's g:
– the ability to think clearly and make sense of
complexity (known as eductive ability: ability
to forge new insight, discern meanings in
complexity)
Versions
The matrices are posed in three different forms for participants of different ability:
Standard Progressive Matrices: These were the original form of the matrices,
first published in 1938. The booklet comprises five sets (A to E) of 12 items each
(e.g., A1 through A12), with items within a set becoming increasingly difficult,
requiring ever greater cognitive capacity to encode and analyze information. All
items are presented in black ink on a white background.
Coloured Progressive Matrices: Designed for younger children, the elderly, and
people with moderate or severe learning difficulties, this test contains sets A and B
from the standard matrices, with a further set of 12 items inserted between the two,
as set Ab. Most items are presented on a coloured background to make the test
visually stimulating for participants. However the very last few items in set B are
presented as black-on-white; in this way, if a subject exceeds the tester's
expectations, transition to sets C, D, and E of the standard matrices is eased.
Advanced Progressive Matrices: The advanced form of the matrices contains 48
items, presented as one set of 12 (set I), and another of 36 (set II). Items are again
presented in black ink on a white background, and become increasingly difficult as
progress is made through each set. These items are appropriate for adults and
adolescents of above-average intelligence.
Scoring:
The SPM consists of 60 items arranged in five
sets (A, B, C, D, & E) of 12 items each.
Each item contains a figure with a missing piece.
Below the figure are either six (sets A & B) or eight
(sets C through E) alternative pieces to complete
the figure, only one of which is correct.
Each set involves a different principle or "theme"
for obtaining the missing piece, and within a set
the items are roughly arranged in increasing order
of difficulty.
The raw score is typically converted to a
percentile rank by using the appropriate norms.
Reliability:
Internal consistency studies using either the split-half method
or KR20 estimates result in values ranging from .60 to .98, with
a median of .90.
Test-retest correlations range from a low of .46 for an
eleven-year interval to a high of .97 for a two-day interval.
The median test-retest value is approximately .82.
Coefficients close to this median value have been obtained
with time intervals of a week to several weeks, with longer
intervals associated with smaller values.
Raven provided test-retest coefficients for several age
groups: .88 (13 yrs. plus), .93 (under 30 yrs.), .88 (30-39
yrs.), .87 (40-49 yrs.), .83 (50 yrs. and over).
Validity:
Spearman considered the SPM to be the best
measure of g. When evaluated by factor analytic
methods which were used to define g initially, the
SPM comes as close to measuring it as one might
expect.
The majority of studies which have factor analyzed
the SPM along with other cognitive measures in
Western cultures report loadings higher than .75 on a
general factor.
Concurrent validity coefficients between the SPM
and the Stanford-Binet and Weschler scales range
between .54 and .88, with the majority in the .70s and
.80s.
Norms:
Norm groups included in the manual are:
British children between the ages of 6 and 16
Irish children between the ages of 6 and 12
Norms have also been established in Canada,
United States, New Zealand, Australia, Russia,
Taiwan, China, India, Netherlands, and Germany.
USES
• Research
• Education
• Clinical interpretation
• Selection of Army Personnel
A1.
TEST DE RAVEN
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Answer Key
A B C D E
1 4 1 2 1 8 1 3 1 7
2 5 2 6 2 2 2 4 2 6
3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 8
4 2 4 2 4 8 4 7 4 2
5 6 5 1 5 7 5 8 5 1
6 3 6 3 6 4 6 6 6 5
7 6 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 1
8 2 8 6 8 1 8 4 8 6
9 1 9 4 9 7 9 1 9 3
10 3 10 3 10 6 10 2 10 2
11 4 11 4 11 1 11 5 11 4
12 5 12 5 12 2 12 6 12 5
British Age wise Percentiles Norms for
Adolescents
British Age wise Percentiles Norms of
Adults
Percentile Chronological Age in Years
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
95 55 55 54 53 52 50 48 46 44 42
90 54 54 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 39
75 49 49 47 45 43 41 39 37 35 33
50 44 44 42 40 38 35 33 30 27 24
25 37 37 34 30 27 24 21 18 15 13
10 28 28 25 - - - - - - -
5 23 23 19 - - - - - - -
Discrepancies
• A person’s score on the test is the total no.
of problems solved correctly.
• Acquired Scores ─ Normal (Expected
Scores)
• Discrepancies:
0, -1, -2, +2, +1
Discrepancy of more than 2 is not acceptable for
intellectual activity
However may be accepted for general purpose
Normal (Expected) Scores
Total A B C D E Total A B C D E Total A B C D E
10 6 2 1 1 0 27 9 7 5 5 1 44 11 11 9 9 4
11 7 2 1 1 0 28 10 7 5 5 1 45 12 11 9 9 4
12 8 2 1 1 0 29 10 7 6 5 1 46 12 11 9 9 5
13 8 3 1 1 0 30 10 7 6 5 2 47 12 11 9 10 5
14 8 3 1 1 1 31 10 8 6 5 2 48 12 11 9 10 6
15 8 3 2 1 1 32 10 8 6 6 2 49 12 11 10 10 6
16 8 4 2 1 1 33 10 8 6 7 2 50 12 11 10 10 7
17 9 4 2 1 1 34 10 8 7 7 2 51 12 11 10 10 8
18 9 4 2 2 1 35 10 9 7 7 2 52 12 12 10 10 8
19 9 5 2 2 1 36 11 9 7 7 2 53 12 12 11 10 8
20 9 5 3 2 1 37 11 9 7 8 2 54 12 12 11 10 9
21 9 5 4 2 1 38 11 10 7 8 2 55 12 12 11 11 9
22 9 5 4 3 1 39 11 10 8 8 2 56 12 12 11 11 10
23 9 6 4 3 1 40 11 10 8 8 3 57 12 12 12 11 10
24 9 6 4 4 1 41 11 10 8 9 3 58 12 12 12 11 11
25 9 6 5 4 1 42 11 10 8 9 4 59 12 12 12 12 11
26 9 6 5 5 1 43 11 11 8 9 4 60 12 12 12 12 12
Interpretation of Intellectual Ability
Grade Percentile Intellectual level
I ≥ 95TH of his age group Intellectually superior
II+ ≥ 90TH of his age group Definitely Above
II ≥ 75TH of his age group Average
III+ > 50th Average
III 25th – 75th
III- < 50th
IV ≤ 25th Definitely Bellow
IV- ≤ 10th Average
V ≤ 5th Intellectually Defective
IQ based on Scores
70 80 90
IQ
#correct 2 11 21 30 39 49 58