Program: B.
Tech, CS, Semester-1st ,First year
EEL-0106: Basics of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Unit No. 1
Source Transformation of Electrical Circuit
Mr. Neeraj Pandey
Assistant Professor, EE/SOET
1
Outlines
Course Objective
Introduction of Source Transformation
Voltage to current source conversion
Equivalent Circuit Diagram of Voltage to current
source
conversion
Current to voltage source conversion
Important Note of Source conversion
Example
Exercise
Student learning outcome
References
Course Objective
Student should understand about D.C Circuit
Student should Understand the Numerical of Electrical Circuit
Student should Understand Source Conversion of Circuit
Student should Understand the Application of Electrical Circuit
Introduction of Source Transformation
A real voltage source can be converted to an equivalent real current source and vice-
versa. When the conversion is made, the sources are equivalent in every sense of the
word; it is impossible to make any measurement or perform any test at the external
terminals that would reveal whether the source is a voltage source or its equivalent
current source.
Voltage to current source conversion
Let us see how a real voltage source can be converted to an equivalent current
source. We know that a real voltage source can be represented by v constant
voltage E in series with its internal resistance Rint as shown in Fig. 2.95 (i).
Equivalent Circuit Diagram of Voltage to current source
conversion
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It is clear from Fig. 2.95 (i) that load current IL is given
by ;
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Thus a real voltage source of constant voltage E and internal resistance Rint is
equivalent to a current source of current IS = E/Rint and Rint in parallel with current
source.
Note that internal resistance of the equivalent current source has the same value as
the internal resistance of the original voltage source but is in parallel with current
source. The two circuits shown in Fig. 2.95 are equivalent and either can be used for
circuit analysis
Current to voltage source conversion
Fig. 2.96 (i) shows a real current source whereas Fig. 2.96 (ii) shows its equivalent
voltage source. Note that series resistance Rint of the voltage source
Continue…
has the same value as the parallel resistance of the original current source. The value
of voltage of the equivalent voltage source is E = IS Rint where IS is the magnitude of
current of the current source. Note that the two circuits shown in Fig. 2.96 are
equivalent and either can be used for circuit analysis.
Important Note of Source conversion
The source conversion (voltage source into equivalent current source and vice-versa)
often simplifies the analysis of many circuits. Any resistance that is in series with a
voltage source, whether it be internal or external resistance, can be included in its
conversion to an equivalent current source. Similarly, any resistance in parallel with
current source can be included when it is converted to an equivalent voltage source.
Example No.1
Show that the equivalent sources shown in Fig. 2.97 have exactly the same terminal
voltage and produce exactly the same external current when the terminals
(i) are shorted
Solution-
Fig 2.97 (i) shows a voltage source whereas Fig. 2.97 (ii) shows its equivalent current source.(i)
When terminals are shorted. Referring to Fig. 2.98, the terminal voltage is 0 V in both circuits
because the terminals are shorted.
Exercise
1Q Find the current in 6 kΩ resistor in Fig. 2.101 (i) by converting the
current source to a voltage source.
2Q. Find the current in the 3 kΩ resistor in Fig. 2.101 (i) above by converting the
current source to a voltage source.
Learning outcome
Student should understand about D.C Circuit
Student should Understand the Numerical of Electrical Circuit
Student should Understand Source Conversion of Circuit
Student should Understand the Application of Electrical Circuit
References
“Basic Electrical Engineering” by J.B Gupta
“Basic Electrical Engineering” by C L Wadhwa,
“Basic Electrical Engineering” by Mehta V K and Mehta Rohit,
“Basic Electrical Engineering” by Nagrath, I and Kothari,
“Basic Electrical Engineering” by Mittle, V and Arvind Mittle,