Presentation
PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
Ms. Ma. Czaira Adoptante
TOPIC
SAMPLING METHODS,
TYPES AND TECHNIQUES
SAMPLING
SECURING SOME ELEMENTS
OF POPULATION
POPULATION VS SAMPLE
POPULATION SAMPLE
• The population is the entire • The sample is the
group that you want to draw specific group of
conclusions about. individuals that you
• The population can be will collect data
defined in terms of from.
geographical location, age,
income, or many other
characteristics.
SAMPLING FRAME
The sampling frame is the actual list of
individuals that the sample will be drawn
from. Ideally, it should include the entire
target population (and nobody who is not
part of that population).
SAMPLE SIZE
DETERMINATION
A sample size ( n ) is a selection of
respondents for research study to
represent the total population ( N). Making
a decision about a sample size for survey
is important.
SLOVIN FORMULA
where n= sample
size
N= Population
e= margin of error
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE 2
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
It means that every member
of the population has a
chance of being selected.
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Simple Random
Sampling
In a simple random sample, every
member of the population has an
equal chance of being selected.
Your sampling frame should
include the whole population.
To conduct this type of sampling,
you can use tools like random
number generators or other
techniques that are based entirely
on chance
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
example
You want to select a simple random sample of
1000 employees of a social media marketing
company. You assign a number to every
employee in the company database from 1 to
1000, and use a random number generator to
select 100 numbers.
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Sytematic Sampling
Systematic sampling is similar to
simple random sampling, but it is
usually slightly easier to conduct.
Every member of the population
is listed with a number, but
instead of randomly generating
numbers, individuals are
chosen at regular intervals.
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
example
All employees of the company are listed in
alphabetical order. From the first 10 numbers, you
randomly select a starting point: number 6. From
number 6 onwards, every 10th person on the list is
selected (6, 16, 26, 36, and so on), and you end
up with a sample of 100 people.
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Stratified Sampling
involves dividing the
population into
subpopulations that may differ
in important ways.
To use this sampling method, you
divide the population into
subgroups (called strata) based
on the relevant characteristic (e.g.,
gender identity, age range, income
bracket, job role).
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
example
The company has 800 female employees and
200 male employees. You want to ensure that
the sample reflects the gender balance of the
company, so you sort the population into two
strata based on gender. Then you use
random sampling on each group, selecting 80
women and 20 men, which gives you a
representative sample of 100 people.
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Example of computation in stratified
Sampling
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Cluster
Sampling
Cluster sampling also involves
dividing the population into
subgroups, but each subgroup
should have similar
characteristics to the whole
sample. Instead of sampling
individuals from each subgroup,
you randomly select entire
FOUR TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING
example
a survey conducted by a company to better
understand the preferences and needs of their
customers. The company could divide its
customer base into clusters based on age,
gender, location, etc., and then select a
random sample from each cluster for further
analysis
Non probability
sampling
• -In a non-probability sample, individuals
are selected based on non-random criteria,
and not every individual has a chance of
being included.
• Non-probability sampling techniques are
often used in exploratory and
qualitative research.
Four types of Non-Probabilty sampling
Convenience
sampling
• A convenience sample simply includes the
individuals who happen to be most
accessible to the researcher.
Purposive sampling
• This type of sampling, also known as judgement
sampling, involves the researcher using their
expertise to select a sample that is most useful
to the purposes of the research.
Snowball sampling
• If the population is hard to access, snowball
sampling can be used to recruit participants via
other participants. The number of people you
have access to “snowballs” as you get in
contact with more people. The downside here is
also representativeness, as you have no way of
knowing how representative your sample is due
to the reliance on participants recruiting others.
This can lead to sampling bias.
Snowball sampling
Quota sampling
• Quota sampling relies on the non-random
selection of a predetermined number or
proportion of units. This is called a quota.
• You first divide the population into mutually
exclusive subgroups (called strata) and then
recruit sample units until you reach your quota.
These units share specific characteristics,
determined by you prior to forming your strata.
Quota sampling
Exercise 1
Find the desired sample of the
following
Thesis
Defense
THANK YOU