Stability Analysis of Wind Farm Connected to Hybrid
HVDC Converter
By: TALAL
Introduction
With the fast progress of VSC-HVDC (voltage source converter-based
high-voltage direct current) technology, offshore converter stations
using modular multilevel converters (MMC) have become popular for
transferring electricity from large offshore wind farms. However,
traditional MMC offshore stations use many parts, making them large,
heavy, and expensive.
Drawbacks
[Link] cannot create AC voltage for wind farms.
[Link] cannot supply the small power needed to start wind turbines.
PROBLEMS
• Wind turbine control must be adjusted, or GPS signals used for
synchronization.
• An extra AC power source is needed to help start the wind
farm.
I. System Configurations and Control.
Figure 1 illustrates the system structure diagram of the hybrid HVDC
converter designed for the integration of offshore wind farms. The wind
farm is identical to the conventional one, which utilizes the DFIG wind
turbine discussed in this paper. The hybrid HVDC converter comprises a
diode rectifier and a compact MMC-based ancillary converter. The
ancillary converter comprises a low-voltage, low-power MMC converter
and a series of submodules designed to endure high DC voltage.
I. System Configurations and Control.
Fig 2 shows the hybrid converter's ancillary converter control system.
The two primary components of this system are the management of the
series connected submodules and the control of the small-scale MMC.
II. System Modeling.
The modeling of the system includes three parts: the wind farm,
diode rectifier, and ancillary converter. Since the models for DFIG-
based wind turbines and wind farms have already been thoroughly
studied.
A. Modeling of the Ancillary
Converter.
The equivalent circuit of the ancillary converter
is shown in Figure 3. The small-scale MMC used
in the ancillary converter has the same
equivalent circuit and mathematical model as
a conventional MMC. Therefore, the modeling
of the small-scale MMC is identical to that of a
conventional MMC.
II. System Modeling.
The modeling of the system includes three parts: the wind farm,
diode rectifier, and ancillary converter. Since the models for DFIG-
based wind turbines and wind farms have already been thoroughly
studied.
B. Modeling of the Diode Rectifier.
The ac-side impedance of the multipulse diode rectifier is
where Zdc is the dc-side impedance of the diode rectifier, that is
in which Zleak is the impedance of the transformer, Zbp is the impedance of the L-C resonance circuit,
and Zline is the impedance of the dc transmission lines.
Stability Analysis
Stability Analysis of The
Interconnected System.
This section looks at the stability of a
hybrid HVDC system connected to a
wind farm.
Using impedance stability analysis, the
system is divided into two parts: When the wind farm outputs 16 MW of power, the
system nears a critical state where the phase
margin drops below zero at around 41 Hz. This
1. Load subsystem – Includes the wind
indicates that the system becomes unstable under
farm and the diode rectifier connected in these conditions.
parallel.
2. Source subsystem – Includes the
ancillary converter.
Stability Analysis of The
Interconnected System.
Simulation Results.
The frequency-domain stability analysis in Fig. 4 is verified by
the time-domain simulations in Fig. 5. The interconnected
system could maintain stable when the output active power of
the wind farm is around 14 MW, as shown in Fig. 5(a). However,
when the output active power of the wind farm reaches 16 MW,
the interconnected system could not maintain stable, resulting
in serious distortion in ac voltages, as shown in Fig. 5(b), which
is predicted by the above impedance-based stability analysis.
CONCLUSION
This paper studies the stability between a wind farm and a hybrid HVDC system, which
uses a diode rectifier and a small-scale MMC-based ancillary converter. The models for
the ancillary converter, diode rectifier, and wind farm were developed. Using impedance-
based stability analysis, potential risks of oscillation were identified.
THANK YOU!
TALAL