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GOOD
MORNING!!!
Presentation by: Group 4
PRACTICAL
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RESEARCH 1
Quarter 2 – Module 8
WRITING
CONCLUSIONS,
RECOMMENDATIONS,
AND REFERENCES
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LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
Draws conclusions from patterns and themes
Formulates recommendations based on
conclusions
Lists references
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CONCLUSIONS
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Importance/Purpose of Conclusions:
Reinforcing Main idea
Refocus Major points
Foundation for subsequent research
New Ideas
What is Conclusions?
The conclusion is intended to help the reader appreciate why the research should
matter to them after they have finished reading the paper.
A conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a re-statement of your
research problem but a synthesis of key points. It is the last paragraph or maybe two of
the article or thesis that provides your final impression about the whole work and wrap
up your final thoughts about the topic.
It is important because it answers the questions that sparked the collected data and
its analysis in the first place.
In concluding one’s report, it is important to discuss the practical application and
implications of one’s findings in the real world.
One’s conclusions pull the strands together in a broader perspective and indicate
possible action, where appropriate.
This part of the report should be constructive and
positive.
Conclusions should not contain any ideas not
previously raised in the report.
It should state in unqualified terms what the findings
are.
FUNCTIONS:
Recapitulate the ideas of the paper: This is done in the manner
where the researcher returns to the first paragraph or so, review,
summarize and ties up both ends neatly.
1. Extend a challenge: This is usually reserved for the problem-
solving paper. Such a conclusion may call on the reader himself
to help make the solution to take effect by telling him/her what
to do.
2. Draw inferences: If opposing ideas have been presented, the
conclusions may challenge the reader to accept one or other
ideas, or at least to consider their relative value (Mutai, 2001).
PROBLEMS TO AVOID IN MAKING
CONCLUSIONS:
1. Failure to be concise
2. Failure to comment on larger or more significant
issues
3. Failure to reveal problems and negative results
4. Failure to provide a clear summary of what was
learned
5. Failure to match the objectives of the research
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RECOMMENDATIONS
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What Is Recommendations?
According to Casela & Cuevas (2010)
recommendations are suggestions for solution,
improvement, revision, validating of existing practices and
for future or additional research on issues about daily life.
They should be specific, realistic, and achievable. They can
identify the areas which need further research, which can be
replicated or validated. (Casela&Cuevas,2010)
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Characteristics of Recommendations
1. They should aim to solve or help solve problems
discovered in the investigation.
For example:
Conclusion
The primary cause of a student’s stress is school-related
activities/tasks.
Recommendation
Reconsider and minimize the students’ tasks in the
school.
2. No recommendations should be made for a problem, or anything for
that matter, that has not been discovered or discussed in the study.
3. They may be also recommendations for the continuance of good
practice or system or even recommendations for its improvements.
4. Recommendations should aim for the ideals but they must be
feasible, practical, and attainable.
5. They should be logical and valid.
6. They should be addressed to the persons, entities, agencies, or
offices who or which are able to implement them.
7. There should be recommendations for further research on the same
topic in other places to verify, amplify, or negate the findings of the
study.
Common recommendations that researchers often make include
the following:
Areas of further research
1. Methodological issues
2. Actions that should be taken to address the problem
based on the research findings
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REFERENCES
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What is Referencing?
Referencing is a system used by the
academicians to indicate the source of the ideas,
theories, quotes, facts or any other evidence, data,
and information that have been used for any write up
or assignment. It is an essential part of any scientific
writing and one must do this in all the academic
assignments. It is the accepted way of giving credit to
the ideas and evidence on which one’s argument is
based.
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References are listed in an organized, structured, and consistent
way, at the end of the write up/assignment. In thesis, the list of
references appears before the appendices.