THE ROUTINE
HOSPITAL DIETS
TYPES OF
• THE REGULAR
DIET• COLD LIQUID
DIET DIET
• SOFT DIET • TUBE
• LIQUID DIET FEEDINGS
• LIGHT DIET • DYSPHAGIA
• MECHANICAL DIET
THE REGULAR
This is the most frequently ordered among the
DIET
house diets. It is also called “general”, “house
“, hospital diets. It is normal diet planned to
meet the caloric needs of a bed ridden or an
ambulatory patient who's general does not
require general modification or dietary
restrictions.
1. Foods from all food groups is
allowed
2. If additional calories and protein
are necessary, milk, milk products
is allowed
[Link] and dessert is usually
available.
[Link] more fresh fruit, vegetables
and whole grains.
MODIFIED
DIET
Calories, Protein,
Fiber And
Minerals
MODIFIED
• DIET
A modified diet is any diet
to include or exclude certain
altered
components, such as calories, fat,
vitamins and minerals.
• Diets are typically modified for
therapeutic reasons, including
treatment of high blood pressure,
low body weight or vitamin and
mineral deficiencies.
MODIFIED
DIET
The normal diet may be modified:
• to provide a change in the
constituents of the diet.
• to maintain, restore or correct
nutritional status
• to include all nutrients in the diet
• to increase or decrease the energy
value of the diet
• to provide foods bland in flavour. to
modify the intervals of feeding.
PRINCIPLES OF THERAPEUTIC DIET
A well-planned diet providing all the specific nutrients to the
body helps to achieve nutritional homeostasis in a normal, healthy
individual. However, in disease conditions, the body tissues either
do not receive proper nutrients in sufficient amounts or cannot
utilize the available nutrients owing to faulty digestion, absorption
or transportation of food elements, thus affecting the nutritional
homeostasis of the sick person.
The diet, therefore, needs to be suitably modified. However, it
is imperative that the basis for planning such modified diets
should be the normal diet.
Therefore, diet therapy is concerned with the modification of
normal diet to meet the requirements of the sick individual.
High Calorie Diets
A diet which contains a greater amount of
total energy to effect a positive energy balance;
minerals and vitamins remain or above
recommended levels. This is a normal diet
with an increase in the calorie level to 3000 or
more. If appetite is poor, small servings of
highly reinforced foods are given. The diet may
be modified in consistency and flavor, according
to specific needs. Excessive amounts of foods
that have a low calorific value and fried foods
High Calorie Diets
1. A patient cannot begin to eat a high calorie
diet immediately. Increase size and number of
servings gradually.
2. 3 small meals with three between-meal
snacks may work better for individuals.
High Calorie Diets
These diets are prescribed
for:
• Fever
• Hyperthyroidism
• Burns
• Malabsorption
• Fever and infection
• Periods of growth
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
Regular Diet 1800 High Calorie Diets 2300
kcal
kcal
1 slice Papaya 2 slices Papaya
1 pc Sunny Side up egg 1 pc Egg (Scrambled egg)
1 cup fried rice ½ fried tilapia
½ cup Sayote guisado 2 cups fried rice
½ cup Sayote Guisado
Chicken Tinola Chicken Tinola
½ cup Sayote and Sili 1 cup Sayote with sili leaves
leaves 3 pcs small slices chicken
2 small legs 2 cups rice
1 cup Rice 1 slice Mango
1 Slice Mango ripe
2 pcs Galunggong Small 3 pcs Galunggong Small
½ cup Pakbet 1 cup pakbet
1 cup Rice 2 cups rice
¼ cup Watermelon ½ Watermelon
Low Calorie Diet
These diets controls calories, carbohydrates,
proteins and fat intake in balanced amount to
meet the nutritional needs and control blood
sugar and weight.
This is a normal diet with energy values
reduced to 1500, 1200 or 1000 calories. Protein
levels should be at 65 to 100 gms. Supplements
of Vitamin A and thiamine are usually required
for diets below 1000 calories.
Low Calorie Diet
These diets are prescribed:
1. Diabetes Mellitus
2. Cardiovascular diseases
3. Hypertension
4. Gout
5. Gall bladder disease
High Protein Diet
These are diets high in plant and animal
proteins; used to treat malnutrition or to
increase muscle mass. High protein diet of 100
– 125 g per day may be prescribed for a
variety of conditions.
High Protein Diet
These diets are prescribed
for: 10. Nephrotic
1. Growth Syndrome
2. Pregnancy 11. Hepatitis
3. Lactation
12. Cirrhosis without
4. Malnutrition
impending hepatic
5. Burns
coma
6. Surgery
7. Fractures
8. Fever and Infection
High Protein Diet
Characteristics of the Diet
1. A simple addition of protein to each meal
may answer the need for increased
protein without increasing portion sizes.
Ex. Adding milk with mashed potatoes and
cooked cereals
2. Five to six meals or regular meals with
snacks should be encouraged.
Low Protein Diet
A low-protein diet is a diet in which people
reduce their intake of proteins. Such a diet is
often prescribed to people with kidney or liver
disorders.
In severe liver disorders, when protein cannot
be synthesized, excess ammonia cannot be
converted to urea for excretion and the patient
develops hepatic coma. In this situation protein
levels must be decreased or completely
restricted for a few days.
Low Protein Diet
Patients with Kidney require low protein diets
since the kidney cannot excrete nitrogenous
wastes. Diets containing 18 to 22 gms of high
biological value protein may be needed for the
chronic uremic patients who is not being
dialysed.
Low protein diets are also prescribed for
patients with in-born errors of metabolism that
result from lack of enzymes of the urea cycle.
Low Protein Diet
These diets are prescribed
for:
1. Fever
2. Hyperthyroidism
3. Burns
4. After surgery
5. Diarrhoea
6. Elderly
High Fiber Diets
Also called high roughage diet.
Dietary fiber plays a significant
role in colonic function. A high-fiber
diet includes foods that have a high
fiber content. Fiber is essentially the
outer crust of fruits, vegetables, and
grains that is not broken down by
the body. It helps in excretion of
body wastes.
High Fiber Diets
Its also well known that fiber
regulates the cholesterol levels.
Oats, beans, peas, and certain fruits
and vegetables (oranges, pears,
brussels sprouts, and carrots) are
rich sources of fiber. Recommended
in case of constipation, or high
cholesterol. This is a normal diet
with fiber increased to 15–20 g
High Fiber Diets
Soluble Fiber- dissolve in water to
form a gel-like materials. It can help
lower blood cholesterol and glucose
level. Ex. Oats, peas, apples, citrus
fruits, carrots, barley and psyllium.
Insoluble Fiber- insoluble fiber
attracts water into the stool, making it
softer and easier to pass with less
strain. It helps promote bowel health
and regularity. Ex. Vegetables like
cauliflower, green beans and potatoes.
High Fiber Diets
INDICATION FOR USE:
- to relieve hemorrhoids
- treatment of irritable bowel
syndrome and diverticulosis
- important in treating diabetes,
elevated cholesterol, colon polyps and
cancer of the colon.
- Foods rich in fiber also tend to
contain other cancer-fighting nutrients,
such as antioxidant vitamins A<C<E
High Fiber Diets
INDICATION FOR USE:
Insoluble Fiber- Atonic Constipation,
Colon and rectal cancer, Diverticular
disease, Irritable bowel syndrome.
Soluble Fiber- Coronary heart
disease, diabetes mellitus, gastric
ulcer.
Low Fiber Diets
Diet containing less than 10-15 g
of fiber per day and eliminates
foods known to increase the amount
of stool.
This diet contains minimal
amount of indigestible
carbohydrates or dietary fiber to
avoid large fecal volume that might
distend and further aggravate
inflamed tissue.
Low Fiber Diets
INDICATION FOR USE:
1. Ulcerative colitis
2. Gastrointestinal surgeries
3. Chronic diarrhea
Low Sodium Diet
The mineral content of the diet may also be
modified. Four levels of sodium restriction are
used — 250, 500, 1000 and 2400 mgs. The diet
excludes excess salty foods and salt in cooking
and at the table. This diet is used both to
prevent and treat edema. Therefore, it is
prescribed for congestive heart failure,
hypertension, liver and renal diseases. Then
sodium must be added back by means of the
diet.