THE INTERNET AND WORLD
WIDE WEB
The Internet
1.1 History and Evolution
INTERNET– an interconnected network of networks
that link computer to computer using protocol.
It was called ARPANET in 1969 as a research
network by Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA) of the US Defence Department.
ARPANET development resulted from a
collaboration among universities, industry, and
government.
The Internet
World Wide Web (WWW) started in 1989 at the
European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) by
Tim Berners-Lee.
It is a network of computers that serve web pages
that distributed hypermedia information system on
the Internet.
Information can be organize, link, and access via
client-server protocol.
The World Wide Web
Web Standard
World Wide Web(WWW) is a part of the Internet that
consists of Internet connected computers called Web
Servers that store electronic documents called Web Pages.
Web Page is a specially formatted document that can
contain images, text, interactive elements, and hyperlinks,
which links to other pages.
Web Site is a group of related Web Pages.
A web site’s primary page known as Home Page, typically
introduces the web site and provide information about the
site’s purpose and content.
The World Wide Web
A hyperlink, or simply known as link, is a word,
phrase or image that connects web pages.
Exploring the Web by jumping from one Web page
to another is sometimes called browsing or surfing
the web.
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
In the past, the most common way to access the
Internet was using a dial-up telephone line. Today,
faster access methods, including digital dedicated
lines, cable broadband, and wireless
transmissions.
The speed at which data travel from one device to
another is called the transfer rate, which is
expressed as bits per second (bps) – that is, the
number of bits the line can transmit in one second.
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
1. Fixed and Mobile Wireless Access
Fixed wireless is Internet connectivity service that
uses satellite technology.
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
Mobile wireless is Internet connectivity service that
uses radio signals or wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi).
Wi-Fi provides wireless connectivity to devices
within a certain range.
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
3G and 4G are wireless internet technology. The ‘G’
stand for generation.
3G device must support speech and data services,
while 4G systems will support gaming and stream
multimedia.
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
2. Internet Service Providers
Internet Services Providers (ISP) is a business that
has a permanent Internet connection and provides
temporary Internet connections to individuals and
companies using one or more access method: dial-
up, high-speed dial-up, broadband, or wireless
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
Web Browsers
To view Web pages, you need a Web Browser.
Web Browser is a software program that requests,
downloads, and displays Web pages stored on Web
Server.
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
You can access a Web page by entering its unique
address, called the Uniform Resource Locator
(URL), in a browser’s address bar.
URL consist of a domain name and top-level domain
designation.
Many URLs also included, folder and files names are
separated by forward slash characters following the
top-level domain designation.
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
A URL identifies a computer on the Internet
protocol domain name folder
[Link]
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
An IP address is the numeric address for computer
connected to the Internet.
Every device in a computer network has an IP address.
A domain name is the text version of a computer’s
numeric IP address.
Types of Web Sites
Top-level domain (TLD)
A top-level domain (TLD) designation indicates the
type of organization or general domain.
Top-Level Domain Domain Type
.biz Business
.com Commercial, personal
.edu Education
.gov Government
.mil Military
.net Network providers
.org Non-commercial
community
Types of Web Sites
Some countries have their own TLDs.
.my Malaysia
.sg Singapore
.jp Japan
.us United State
.de German
.fr France
.au Australia
Types of Web Sites
In URL, the domain name and top-level domain
designation are preceded by a protocol.
For Web pages, that protocol is the Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is the
communications standard for transmitting Web
pages over the Internet.
Most Web browsers will insert the HTTP protocol
automatically as the requested Web page is
downloaded into the browser.
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
Alternative Web Page Viewing Devices
In the past, the most common way to view Web pages is using
desktop or laptop.
Today, you also can view Web pages using handheld computer.
Handheld computers are wireless, portable computer designed
to fit in a user’s hand.
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a type of handheld
computer used to manage personal information and access the
Internet. Today, most PDAs are Smartphone's.
Smartphone is a mobile phone that offers other features, such as
a camera, calendar, and Internet access for e-mail, music
downloads and access to Web pages in addition to cellular voice
telephone service.
Ways to Access the Internet and the web
Types of Web Sites
Web can be categorizes as personal, organizational and
commercial.
A Web site’s type differs from a Web site’s purpose.
Types of Web Sites
1. Personal Web Sites
Individual create their own personal Web sites for a
range of communication purpose.
You might use personal Web site to promote your
employment credentials, share news and photos with
friends and family, or share a common interest or
hobby with fellow enthusiasts.
Types of Web Sites
Types of Web Sites
Types of Web Sites
2. Organizational Web Sites
An organizational Web site is one that owned by any
type of group, association, or organization, whether
it is professional or amateur group.
For example, if you belong to the Advertisement
Photographers Association of North Malaysia, you
might volunteer to create and organizational Web
site to promote member accomplishments or to
encourage support and participation.
Types of Web Sites
Types of Web Sites
3. Commercial Web Sites
The goal of many commercial websites is to
promote and sell products or services of a business,
from the smallest home-based business to the largest
international enterprise.
The design and content of a large enterprise’s Web
site might be much more sophisticated and complex
than that of a small business's Web site.
Types of Web Sites
Sample of large enterprise Web site
Types of Web Sites
Sample of small business Web site
Other Internet Services
1. E-mail
Short for electronic mail.
E-mail is a message that may contain text, images, files
or other attachments sent through a network to a
specified individual or group of individuals.
The first e-mail was sent by Ray Tomlinson in 1971.
Other Internet Services
2. Mailing List
A mailing list is a collection of names and addresses
used by an individual or an organization to send
material to multiple recipients.
An electronic mailing list might have several hundred
'other' people receiving the same piece of e-mail you
do, there could be thousands of other people.
In a real sense a mailing list takes one e-mail message
that is sent to it and does a mass-mailing to everyone
that has 'subscribed' to the list. To remove your name,
you unsubscribe from the mailing list.
Other Internet Services
3. Instant Messaging
Instant messaging(IM) is a type of communications
service that enables you to create a kind of private chat
room with another individual in order to communicate
in real time over the Internet.
It notifies you when one or more people online and
then allows you to exchange messages of files.
Example: Yahoo Messenger, IRC or MSN instant
messenger.
Other Internet Services
4. Chat Rooms
A designated area or forum on the World Wide
Web that allows users to communicate with each other
through instant messaging.
Text is instantly displayed in the chat rooms
conversation log after a user hits enter or send.
Other users included in the chat session are able to see
what another user types.
Other Internet Services
5. VoIP
VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol.
Sometimes it's referred to as Voice over
Networks(VoN) or Voice over Broadband(VoB) and
sometimes Internet Telephony.
VoIP allows you to make free, or very low cost,
telephone calls over the Internet.
You can call any telephone in the world and any
telephone can call you - regardless of what equipment
or network the person you are calling uses.
Other Internet Services
6. Newsgroup
Newsgroups are Internet discussion forums where groups of
users with common interests gather to talk about everything from
software to comic books to politics.
Unlike e‑mail messages, which are visible only to the sender and
specified recipients, newsgroup messages can be read by anyone
who views the group that they're posted in.
Newsgroups are international in scope, with participants from all
corners of the Internet.
Before you can view messages in a newsgroup, you'll need a
newsreader program, such as Windows Mail.
You'll use the newsreader to download messages from a news
server.
Other Internet Services
7. FTP
Short for File Transfer Protocol, the protocol for
exchanging files over the Internet.
FTP works in the same way as HTTP for transferring
Web pages from a server to a user's browser and
SMTP for transferring electronic mail across the
Internet in that, like these technologies, FTP uses the
Internet's TCP/IP protocols to enable data transfer.
FTP is most commonly used to download a file from a
server using the Internet or to upload a file to a server
(e.g., uploading a Web page file to a server).