Grinding Machines
GRINDING (ABRASIVE MACHINING)
Grinding is a surface finishing operation where very thin layer of material is removed in the form of
fine dust particles. (thickness 0.25-0.5mm)
Grinding can be defined as a material removal process by the abrasive action between rotating
abrasive wheel & the work piece.
Grinding machine is a power operated machine tool where, the work piece is fed against a constantly
rotating abrasive wheel which is also called as Grinding wheel so that a thin layer of material is
removed from the work piece.
PRINCIPLE OF GRINDING
The work piece is fed against a constantly
rotating abrasive wheel so that a thin
layer of material is removed from the it.
FIG. GRINDING
INTRODUCTION TO GRINDING PROCESS
• It is the only economical method of cutting hard material like
hardened steel.
• It produces very smooth surface , suitable for bearing surface.
• Surface pressure is minimum in grinding. It is suitable for light
work,which will spring away from the cutting tool in the other machining
processes.
GRINDING PROCESS
CLASSIFICATION OF GRINDING MACHINES
Grinding machines are classified based on their construction & type of surface produced.
1. Bench Grinding Machine
2. Surface Grinding Machine
3. Cylindrical Grinding Machine
4. Centerless Grinding Machine
5. Internal Grinding Machine
6. Special Purpose Grinding Machine
1. SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE
Principle: The work piece is fed
against a constantly rotating
abrasive wheel so that a thin layer
of material is removed from the it.
Work Piece Type: Flat, Angular &
FIG. PRINCIPLE OF SURFACE GRINDING
Irregular surfaces
SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE
This machine may be similar to a milling machine used mainly to grind flat surface. However, some
types of surface grinders are also capable of producing contour surface with formed grinding wheel.
Basically there are four different types of surface grinding machines characterised by the movement of their tables and
the orientation of grinding wheel spindles as follows:
• Horizontal spindle and reciprocating table
• Vertical spindle and reciprocating table
• Horizontal spindle and rotary table
• Vertical spindle and rotary table
HORIZONTAL SPINDLE AND RECIPROCATING TABLE
c
VERTICAL SPINDLE AND RECIPROCATING TABLE
HORIZONTAL SPINDLE AND ROTARY TABLE
VERTICAL SPINDLE AND ROTARY TABLE
SURFACE GRINDING MACHINE
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE
Principle:
The work piece is held between two centers & and the rotating
grinding wheel is fed against it.
External Grinding machine
FIG. PRINCIPLE OF
CYLINDRICAL
GRINDING
Work Piece Type: Cylindrical surfaces
may be straight, curved or contoured.
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE
This machine is used to produce external cylindrical surface. The surfaces may be straight, tapered, steps
or profiled. Broadly there are three different types of cylindrical grinding machine as follows:
1. Plain centre type cylindrical grinder
2. Universal cylindrical surface grinder
3. Centreless cylindrical surface grinder
PLAIN CENTRE TYPE
CYLINDRICAL GRINDER
UNIVERSAL CYLINDRICAL SURFACE GRINDER
Universal cylindrical grinder is similar to a plain cylindrical one except that it is more versatile. In
addition to small worktable swivel, this machine provides large swivel of head stock, wheel head slide
and wheel head mount on the wheel head slide.
Special application of cylindrical
grinder
Principle of cylindrical grinding is being used for thread grinding with specially formed wheel that
matches the thread profile. A single ribbed wheel or a multi ribbed wheel can be used as shown in Fig.
below.
FIG. CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE
CENTERLESS GRINDING MACHINE
Principle: The work piece is placed on work rest blade between
two wheels namely grinding & regulating wheel, which are rotating
in clockwise & work piece rotates counter clockwise. Grinding
wheel remove material from W/P surface & regulating wheel
regulates the W/P.
Centerless: Means work piece is not held between centers.
Work Piece Type: Curved or Cylindrical surfaces of long slender FIG. PRINCIPLE OF
CENTERLESS GRINDING
rods which cannot be ground on cylindrical grinding.
CENTRE LESS GRINDING MACHINE
EXTERNAL CENTRELESS GRINDER
This grinding machine is a production machine in which out side diameter of the workpiece is
ground. The workpiece is not held between centres but by a work support blade. It is rotated by
means of a regulating wheel and ground by the grinding wheel.
CENTRELESS INTERNAL GRINDER
This machine is used for grinding cylindrical and tapered holes in cylindrical parts (e.g. cylindrical
liners, various bushings etc). The workpiece is rotated between supporting roll, pressure roll and
regulating wheel and is ground by the grinding wheel.