Chapter 2
• 2.13 For each of these species, determine the number
of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus:
NO . PROTONS: 2 2 12 12 22 35 78
NO. NEUTRONS: 1 2 12 13 26 44 117
• 2.19 Write the names and symbols for four elements in each of these
categories: (a) nonmetal, (b) metal, (c) metalloid.
(a) Hydrogen (H2), carbon (C), oxygen (O2), argon (Ar).
(b) Sodium (Na), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), lead (Pb).
(c) Silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), astatine (At).
• 2.24 Group these elements in pairs that you would expect to show
similar chemical properties: K, F, P, Na, Cl, and N.
F and Cl are Group 7A elements; they should have similar
chemical properties. Na and K are both Group 1A elements;
they should have similar chemical properties. P and N are
both Group 5A elements; they should have similar chemical
properties.
• 2.31 Identify the following as elements or compounds: NH3, He , Ne,
NO, CO, CO2, Ar, SO2.
Elements: He,Ne ,Ar
Compounds: NH3, NO, CO, CO2, SO2
• 2.33 Give the number of protons and electrons in
each of the following common ions: Na+, Ca2+, Al3+,
Fe2+, I-, F-, S2-, O2-, N3-.
Ion Na Ca2 Al3 Fe2 I F S2 O2 N3
No. protons 11 20 13 26 53 9 16 8 7
No. electrons 10 18 10 24 54 10 18 10 10
• 2.41 What are the empirical formulas of the following
compounds? (a) C2N2, (b) C6H6, (c) C9H20, (d) P4O10,
(e) B2H6
(a) CN (b) CH (c) C9H20 (d) P2O5 (e) BH3
• 2.45 Which of the following compounds are likely to be ionic? Which
are likely to be molecular? SiCl4, LiF, BaCl2, B2H6, KCl, C2H4
Compounds of metals with nonmetals are usually ionic.
Nonmetal–nonmetal compounds are usually molecular.
Ionic: LiF, BaCl2, KCl
Molecular: SiCl4, B2H6, C2H4
• 2.47 Name these compounds: (a) Na2CrO4, (b) K2HPO4, (c) HBr (gas), (d)
HBr (in water), (e) Li2CO3, (f) K2Cr2O7, (g) NH4NO2, (h) PF3, (i) PF5, (j) P4O6, (k)
CdI2, (l) SrSO4, (m) Al(OH)3, (n) Na2CO3. 10H2O, (o) SO32- , (p) HAsO42-
(a) sodium chromate (i) phosphorus pentafluoride
(b) potassium hydrogen phosphate (j) tetraphosphorus hexoxide
(II)
(c) hydrogen bromide (molecular compound) (k) cadmium iodide
(d) hydrobromic acid (l) strontium sulfate
(e) lithium carbonate (m) aluminum hydroxide
(f) potassium dichromate (n) sodium carbonate decahydrate
(g) ammonium nitrite (o) sulfite ion
(h) phosphorus trifluoride (p) hydrogen arsenate ion
• 2.49 Write the formulas for these compounds: (a) rubidium nitrite, (b)
potassium sulfide, (c) perbromic acid, (d) magnesium phosphate, (e)
calcium hydrogen phosphate, (f) boron trichloride, (g) iodine
heptafluoride, (h) ammonium sulfate, (i) silver perchlorate, (j) iron(III)
chromate, (k) calcium sulfate dihydrate.
RbNO2 (b) K2S (c) HBrO4 (d) Mg3(PO4)2 (e) CaHPO4
(f) BCl3 (g) IF7 (h) (NH4)2SO4 (i) AgClO4 (j) Fe2(CrO4)3
(k) CaSO42H2O
• 2.51 One isotope of a metallic element has a mass number of
65 and has 35 neutrons in the nucleus. The cation derived
from the isotope has 28 electrons. Write the symbol for this
cation.
The number of protons = 65 35 = 30. The element that contains 30
protons is zinc, Zn. There are two fewer electrons than protons, so
the charge of the cation is +2. The symbol for this cation is Zn2+.
11
B5 31
P15 117
Au79 222
Rn86
26 15
28
24 86
0 +2 0
• 2.73 Fill the blanks in the following table.
Cation Anion Formula Name
Magnesium bicarbonate
SrCl2
Fe3+ NO2
Manganese(II) chlorate
SnBr4
Co2+ PO43
Hg22+ I
Cu2CO3
Lithium nitride
Al3+ S2
Cation Anion Formula Name
Mg2+ HCO3 Mg(HCO3)2 Magnesium bicarbonate
Sr2+ Cl SrCl2 Strontium chloride
Fe3+ NO2 Fe(NO2)3 Iron(III) nitrite
Mn2+ ClO3 Mn(ClO3)2 Manganese(II) chlorate
Sn4+ Br SnBr4 Tin(IV) bromide
Co2+ PO43 Co3(PO4)2 Cobalt(II) phosphate
Hg2 2+ I Hg2I2 Mercury(I) iodide
Cu+ CO32 Cu2CO3 Copper(I) carbonate
Li+ N3 Li3N Lithium nitride
Al3+ S2 Al2S3 Aluminum sulfide