NERVOUS

CLASS 5
SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
• One of the most important system of the human body.
• Helps all the body parts to communicate and
coordinate with each other.
• Brain, spinal cord and nerves are the components of
nervous system.
• The nervous system is a complex collection of nerves
and specialized cells known as neurons.
• It is considered as body’s electrical wiring.
• Nervous system are divided into 2 components –
Peripheral Nervous System and Central Nervous
System
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
BRAIN - INTRODUCTION
• Brain is like a central unit that
controls the function of your body.
• Whereas nervous system is like a
network that sends messages back
and forth from the brain to
different parts of the body.
• It happens through the spinal cord
that runs from the brain down
through the backbone and contains
thread like nerves that branch out
to every organ and body part.
BRAIN – IN BRIEF
• Message comes in the brain
anywhere in the body and the
brain tells how to react.
• Brain helps us to act according to
the stimulus.
• Made up of special tiny units
called nerve cells.
• Connected to each other with the
nerves of the body.
• Brain is protected by the skull.
BRAIN - STRUCTURE
• 3 parts – Cerebrum, Cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
• Cerebrum – Largest part of the brain.
• Controls function like tasting, hearing, thinking.
• Receives messages from the sense organs and decides what to
do.
• Cerebellum – Small egg shaped part under the cerebrum.
• Works with cerebrum to control the movement of muscles and
also helps to keep balance.
• Medulla Oblongata – Shaped like stem and comes out of the
base of the brain and joins the spinal cord.
• Controls the involuntary action such as breathing and heart.
• Keeps working even when we sleep.
BRAIN
NEURON
• Small tree like structure called as dendrites.
• Extends from the cell body to pick up signal from the
environment.
• Long transmitting process called axons extends from the cell
body to send signals to other neurons.
• 3 types of neurons – Sensory neurons, Motor neurons,
Interneurons.
• Sensory Neuron – Transmit signals to CNS from the receptor.
• Motor Neuron – Transmit signals from CNS to effectors such as
muscles and glands.
• Interneurons – Complex network within CNS.
• Integrate information received from the afferent neurons and
direct the function of body through efferent neurons.
NEURON
SPINAL CORD
• Shaped like a tube.
• Extends from the brain stem to the lower end of the
backbone.
• Enclosed in the backbone and connects through nerve
to different body parts.
• Messages travel from the brain down the spinal cord
and different body parts.
• Incoming messages also enter the spinal cord from all
parts the body and the enters the brain.
• Spinal cord controls some body actions without the
brain called reflex action.
SPINAL CORD
 NERVES
• Nerves are like tiny threads and wires that run
throughout the body.
• Exchange messages between the brain and the other
parts of the body.
• Example. Sitting on your foot temporarily squash the
nerves in that area and this will stop sending
messages to the brain for sometime.
• Nerves has been divided into three categories –
Sensory nerves, Motor nerves, Mixed nerves.
TYPES OF NERVES
• Sensory Nerves – Bring messages from sense organs to
the brain.
• These messages are information about temperature,
smell, color, taste, hearing and sound etc.
• Motor Nerves – Carry command from the brain and the
spinal cord to the muscles of different organs.
• Signals which makes the muscles to move.
• Mixed Nerves – Some nerves that carry messages from
the brain to the muscles as well as send messages
from the sense organs to the brain.
• These nerve cells are present in the brain and the
spinal cord.
TYPES OF NERVES
REFLEX ACTION
• Body responds to the
situation automatically
and quickly.
• The actions are instant
and do not involve the
brain.
• Such action are
involuntary and do not
need thinking.
 EYE
• From wake till sleep eye plays a major role in our daily activities.
• Receive tons of information which are happening around us.
• Example – Shape, colour, movement etc.
• Send information to your brain for processing and the brain will
know what is happening outside our body.
EYE
EAR
• Ears are in charge of collecting sounds, processing
them and sending signals to our brain.
• Made up of three sections – outer ear, middle ear,
inner ear.
• These parts work together so that it produces sounds.
• Outer Ear – Seen visible and it looks like a funnel that
collects the sound.
• The information then pass to the eardrum in the
middle ear.
• The ear drum vibrates and then it pass to the inner
ear.
• Nerve cell in the inner ear pass on the messages to
EAR
 NOSE
• Nose helps in sensing the smell.
• Detecting the smell from our surroundings happens by
our nose.
• Apart from this it helps in inhaling and exhaling of the
gases.
• There are never endings in the upper part of the nose.
• There are also tiny hairs which protects the dust from
entering inside.
NOSE
 TONGUE
• Front part of the tongue is flexible and can move
around.
• It works with teeth and create different types of words.
• Back of the tongue moves with the top of your mouth
to create the sounds.
• This part also helps in eating by chewing the food
around the mouth.
• There are 4 types of taste sensed by the nerve cells in
the ending of our tongue.
• They are called as taste buds.
TONGUE
 SKIN
• Skin is the largest and the very important organ of our
body.
• It covers and protects everything inside your body.
• Without the skin every other supporting parts and
organs would be hanging all over the place.
• Skin contain tiny nerve cells ending which are
sensitive to external factors.
• It protects us against injuries and germs and helps the
body to maintain the right temperature.
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