Learning
Disability
Learning Problem
-a difficulty that hinders a specific form of learning, and
it has no influence on the overall intelligence of an
individual
Learning Disability
- a condition that doesn't only affects the way a person
learns new things in a school but also the rest of the life
too. Such person finds hard to understand new
information and cope up independently
It is important to remember that most
kids with learning disabilities are just
as smart as everyone else. They just
need to be taught in a ways that
tailored their unique learning styles.
By learning more about learning disabilities in
general, and the child learning problems in
particular, teacher can help pave the way for
success at school and beyond.
Common types of Learning Disability
Dyslexia
- a substitute term use to refer to a pattern of learning difficulties
characterized with precise or fluent word recognition, poor deciding
and poor spelling abilities. - people with dyslexia have difficulty in
connecting letters that they see to the sound they make that results to
the slow, effortful and not fluent process in reading.
Dysgraphia
- term used to describe difficulties with putting one thoughts
on paper. - problems including difficulties with spelling,
grammar, punctuation and hand writing.
Dyscalculia
- term used to describe difficulties in learning number-realated
concepts or using the symbols and functions to perform math
calculation. - problems with math can include difficulties with number
sense, memorizing math facts, math calculation, math reasoning and
problem-solving.
Other types of Learning Disability
Non-verbal LD
– has trouble interpreting nonverbal cues like facial expressions or
body language and may have poor coordination.
Oral/Written Language Disorder and Specific Reading
Comprehension Deficit
- Learning Disability that affects an individuals understanding of what
they read or of spoken language. The ability to express one's self with
oral language may also be impacted.
Signs and Symptoms of Learning Disabilities
PRESCHOOL AGE (3-5)
•Problems pronouncing words.
•Trouble finding the right word.
•Trouble learning the alphabet, numbers, colors and shapes.
•Difficulty following directions
•Trouble with buttons, zippers, or Learning to tie shoes.
KINDERGARTEN AGE (5 )
•Trouble learning the connection between letters and sounds.
•Unable to blend sounds to make words.
•Confuses basic words when reading
•Slow to learn new skills.
•Difficulty telling time and remembering sequences.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AGE (5-9)
•Trouble learning the connection between letters and sounds.
•Unable to blend sounds to make words.
•Confuses basic words when reading
•Slow to learn new skills.
•Difficulty telling time and remembering sequences.
ADOLESCENTS (10-19)
•Difficulty with reading comprehension or math
skills.
•Dislikes reading and writing; avoids reading
aloud.
•Poor handwriting
•Trouble with open-ended test questions and
word problems.
•Poor organizational skills(messy and
disorganized)
Cause and Risk Factors of Learning
Disabilities
Cause Risk Factors
Family History
"unknown"
Neurological Factors
Environmental Factors
Traditional Method For Identifying Learning
Disabilities
Conducting Two Tests:
Standardized Achievement (Reading, Writing, and Math)
Test
Intelligence (Or IQ) Test.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) of the American
Psychiatric Association (2013)
• Learning Disabilities can only be diagnosed after
formal education starts.
Common Achievement Tests Used To
Diagnose A Learning Disability
Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement (WJ)
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT) These tests focus
on reading,
Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT)
writing, and math.
Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement
(KTEA)
• The Multi Factored Assessment Tool (MFAT) is intended for use
of trained Grade 1 teacher in identifying learners with special
educational needs.
• Every learning impairment is unique. A diagnosis can be extremely
significant and useful. However, some people might believe that they do
not require a diagnosis. Different ages can result in a diagnosis of a
learning disability.
• Learning disabilities cannot be cured, but they can be mitigated with early
intervention. People with learning disabilities can learn coping
mechanisms to manage their impairments. The likelihood of success in
school and later in life increases when help is sought out earlier.
• The ability of the child to learn is enhanced by early diagnosis, which also
helps to prevent the emergence of behavioral issues and low self-esteem
in the child, both of which further impede their capacity to learn.
Praise effort over performance. Children with
learning difficulties may not always achieve
the best grades, but if they've put in a lot of
effort, it deserves recognition.
Put things in perspective. Share your own
experience. Keep them motivated.
Give them time.