I
P
ADDRESS
ING
WHAT IS IP
ADDRESS
An Internet Protocol (IP) address
is the unique identifying number
assigned to every device connected
to the internet. An IP address
definition is a numeric label
assigned to devices that use the
internet to communicate. Computers
that communicate over the internet
or via local networks share
information to a specific location
DISTINCT VERSIONS
OR STANDARDS
IPV4 IPV6
IP version 4 (IPv4) IP version 6 (IPv6) is the next generation
addresses, which uniquely of IP addressing. IPv6
identify a device on an IP quadruples the number of network
address bits from 32 bits (in IPv4)
network, are 32 bits in to 128 bits, which provides enough
length and are typically globally unique IP addresses for
communicated in a format every networked device on the planet.
IPv6 is an important protocol
known as dotted decimal. for the future of IP networking. More inf
IP ADDRESS DIVIDED
INTO 2 PARTS
NETWORK ID HOST ID
NETWORK ID HOST ID
tells the segment defines the specific
where are the device device on a
are located at the particular network
network segment
CLAS
S A
CLAS
I P V 4 I S
D I V I D E D S B
CLAS
I NT O S C
CLA S S E S CLAS
S D
CLAS
RFC 1981
Request For Comments
1981
PUBLIC IP
ADDRESS
A public IP address, or external-facing IP
address, applies to the main device people use
to connect their business or home internet
network to their internet service provider (ISP).
In most cases, this will be the router. All
devices that connect to a router communicate
with other IP addresses using the router’s IP
address.
Knowing an external-facing IP address is crucial
for people to open ports used for online
gaming, email and web servers, media
streaming, and creating remote connections.
PRIVATE IP ADDRESS
A private IP address, or internal-facing IP address, is assigned by an
office or home intranet (or local area network) to devices, or by the
internet service provider (ISP). The home/office router manages the
private IP addresses to the devices that connect to it from within that
local network. Network devices are thus mapped from their private IP
addresses to public IP addresses by the router.
Private IP addresses are reused across multiple networks, thus
preserving valuable IPv4 address space and extending addressability
beyond the simple limit of IPv4 addressing (4,294,967,296 or 2^32).
In the IPv6 addressing scheme, every possible device has its own
unique identifier assigned by the ISP or primary network organization,
which has a unique prefix. Private addressing is possible in IPv6, and
STATIC IP
ADDRESS
All public and private addresses are
defined as static or dynamic. An IP address
that a person manually configures and fixes
to their device’s network is referred to as a
static IP address. A static IP address cannot
be changed automatically. An internet
service provider may assign a static IP
address to a user account. The same IP
address will be assigned to that user for
every session.
DYNAMIC IP
ADDRESS
A dynamic IP address is automatically assigned to a
network when a router is set up. The
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
assigns the distribution of this dynamic set of IP
addresses. The DHCP can be the router that
provides IP addresses to networks across a home
or an organization.
Each time a user logs into the network, a fresh IP
address is assigned from the pool of available
(currently unassigned) IP addresses. A user may
randomly cycle through several IP addresses across
VARIABLE LENGTH
SUBNET MASKS
(VLSMS)
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) allow you to use
different masks
for each subnet, and thereby use address space efficiently.
With private
address space, it is rarely necessary to shrink below a /24
subnet mask as
space is plentiful. Use VLSM to:
• Create a larger subnet of more than 255 host addresses
• Create very small subnets for WAN links
VLSM EXAMPLE
Given the [Link]/24 network and requirements
below, develop a
subnetting scheme with the use of VLSM:
• netA: must support 330 hosts
• netB: must support 6 hosts for a point-to-point WAN
link supporting Hot
Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
• netC: must support 2 hosts for a T1 circuit to a
remote site
• netD: must support a single address for a router
loopback
MANAGING IP
ADDRESSES
With proper planning, the IP network can be more organized, easier to
set
up, and easier to troubleshoot than user and network services.
Before explaining how to create your own IP addressing plan, we will
relate
the technical concepts already described to an actual network design,
using
the SBA design as the network example.
IP ADDRESSING IN
THE SBA
Although SBA uses [Link] as the example address range,
you can
apply these same principles to the other ranges. Your
requirements will
determine the range or ranges you [Link] same
principles apply
to a public address range, but most midsize agencies will
likely deploy pri?
vate addresses internally and use public addresses from a
The SBA IP addressing ranges are assigned
from the [Link]/16 range
of private addresses to cover the following
main sections of the network:
• Headquarters
• WAN
• Remote Sites
• Data Center
• DMZ
• Disaster Recovery Site
• Security
• Voice
ANY
QUESTIO
NS?