Acceptance Sampling Plan
Acceptance sampling plan is an important field of statistical quality control.
Dodge reasoned that a sample should be picked up at random from the lot and
on the basis of information that was yielded by the sample; a decision should be
made regarding this character of the lot. This process is called Lot Acceptance
Sampling or just Acceptance Sampling.
Advantages:
1. It is economical
2. It requires less time and less effort
3. It requires fewer personnel.
Disadvantages:
4. There is always high risk for the producer and the consumers
5. Requires expertise
Rectifying Inspection Plan
The inspection of the rejected lot and replacing the defective pieces found in
rejected lot by the good ones to improve the lot quality is called rectifying
inspection plan. This plan was first introduced by Harold F. Dodge and Harry G.
Roming of Bell Telephone Laboratories before world war II. This plan enables the
manufacturer to have an idea about the average quality of the product that is
likely to result at given stage of manufacturer through the combination of
production, sampling inspection and rectification of rejected lot.
Dodge and Roming have developed a number of sampling plans and the most
common two of these are-
1. Single Sampling Plan
2. Double Sampling Plan
Dodge and Roming’s Sampling Plan
• Single Sampling Plan: If the decision about accepting or rejecting a lot is taken on
the basis of one sample only, the acceptance plan is described as single sampling
plan.
Let N be the lot size; n be the sample size; c be the acceptance number i.e.
maximum allowable number of defectives in the sample. The single sampling plan
may be described as follows:
– Select a random sample of size n from a lot size N
– Inspect all the articles included in the sample. Let d be the number of defectives in the
sample.
– If d ≤ c, accept the lot; replacing the defective pieces found in the sample by non-
defective (standard) ones.
– If d > c, reject the lot. Inspect the entire lot and replace all the defective pieces by
standard ones.
Dodge and Roming’s Sampling Plan
• Double Sampling Plan: In this method second sample is permitted if first
sample fails, i.e. if the data from the first sample is non conclusive on
either side ( about accepting or rejecting the lot) then a definite decision is
taken on the basis of the second sample.
Let, N=lot size, n1=First sample size, n2=Second sample size, C1=Acceptance
number for first sample, C2=Acceptance number for both the samples
combined, d1=No. of defective items in the first sample, d2=No. of
defective items in the second sample.
Procedure:
– Take a sample of size n1 from lot size N
– If d1 ≤ c1, accept the lot; replacing the defective pieces found in the sample by non-
defective (standard) ones.
Continued………
– If d1 > c1, reject the lot. Inspect the entire lot and replace all the defective pieces by
standard ones.
– If c1+1< d1 ≤ c2, take a second sample of size n2 from the remaining lot.
– If d1+d2 ≤ C2, accept the lot; replacing the defective pieces found in the sample by non-
defective (standard) ones.
– If d1+d2 > c2, reject the whole lot. Inspect the rejected lot 100% and replace all
defective items by standard ones.