PHYSICS PROJECT

CHAPTER-4-LIGHT
ENERGY
GROUP-C
TOPICS-LIGHT,SPEED OF LIGHT,PLANE
MIRROR,CHARECTERSTICS OF PLANE MIRROR,USES OF
PLANE MIRROR,LATERAL INVERSION,FORMATION OF
IMAGE BY A PLANE MIRROR,REGULARAND IRREGULAR
REFLECTIONAND CONSTITUENT COLOURS.
LIGHT
Light is the form of [Link] gives us sensation
of [Link] enables us to see objects
around [Link] see objects when light after
striking the object reaches our eyes our in
same [Link] light bulb was
made by Thomas Edison.
SPEED OF LIGHT
Light travels at a very high [Link] speed of light is
3*10 to the power 8 metre per second -1.
SPEED OF LIGHT (IN METRE
MEDIUM PER SECOND TO POWER -1.
 AIR  3*10 TO THE POWER 8.
 WATER  2.25*10 TO POWER 8.
 GLASS  2*10 TO POWER 8.
PLANE MIRROR
A plane mirror is made up by silvering one
side of transparent [Link] surface which
is silvered is called silvered [Link]
reflecting surface is reflected surface.
TYPES OF IMAGE
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF IMAGE –REAL AND VIRTUAL
IMAGE.
*REAL IMAGE
 This image can be obtained on the screen.
 This image is always inverted.
 This image is fomed in front of mirror.
 The rays of light after reflection meet at a point.
*VIRTUAL IMAGE
This image cannot be displayed on a screen.
This image is always erect.
This image is always formed behind the
mirror.
The rays of light after reflection appear to
mee at a point.
TYPES OF REFLECTION
There are 2types of reflection –
1-REGULAR REFLECTION
2-IRREGULAR REFLECTION
REGULAR REFLECTION
The reflection of lights from a smooth and
polished surface is called REGULAR
[Link] means that the incident and
reflected ray will be parallel and at fixed
direction.
IRREGULAR REFLECTION
The reflection of lights from a uneven and not
perfectly smooth and polihed surface is called
IRREGULAR [Link] means that the
incident ray and reflected rays are not
parallel.
Lateral Inversion
The right of the object becomes the left of the image and the left of
the object becomes the right of the image. This is called lateral
inversion.
Activity of Lateral inversion

It is easy for the car driver to see the word

AMBULANCE written due to lateral
 Characteristics of a
Plane Mirror
The image of an object seen in a plain mirror has the following
characteristics :

1. The image is upright or erect.

2. The image is virtual.

3. The image is of the same size as of the object.

4. The image is laterally inverted.

5. The image is far behind the mirror as the object is in the front.
Uses of a Plane Mirror
Some uses of a plain mirror are :

1. Mirror can be used as a dressing mirror.

2. In a opticians room to double the effective length of the room, a

mirror is kept on the opposite wall of the room.

3. In a barber’s shop for seeing the rear view at the back, two
mirrors are fixed on the opposite walls facing each other.

4. In periscope, kaleidoscope and solar cooker, plane mirrors are

used as reflectors.

5. As a rear view mirror in front of the driver in a vehicle

Terms related to Reflection of
Light
RETURNING OF LIGHT IN SAME MEDIUM AFTER SRIKING A SURFACE IS
CALLED REFLECTION OF LIGHT.
1. Incident ray : The ray of light that strikes the surface is called the incident ray.

2. Point of incidence : The point at which the incident ray strikes the surface, is
called point of incidence.

3. Reflected ray : The ray of light which is returned back into the same medium ,
after striking the reflecting surface, is called he reflected ray.

4. Normal : The perpendicular drawn on the surface at the point of incidence, is

called the normal.

5. Angle of incidence : The angle between the incident ray and the normal is called
the angle of incidence. It is represented by the letter i.

6. Angle of reflection : The angle between the reflected ray and the normal is called
angle of reflection. It is represented by the letter r.
Reflection of light
Laws of Reflection of Light
1. Angle of reflection is always equal to angle of incidence.
∠r = ∠i

2. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal, lie in the same
plane.

∠i = ∠r
∠i, ∠r and the normal lie in the same
plane.
Terms related to reflection
light
TO VERIFY REFLECTION OF LIGHT
PERFORM FOLL OWING ACTIVITY-
 Take a drawing board and white sheet of paper.
 Paste the paper on drawing board.
 Draw a horizontal line on paper and name it as MM1-.
 On the line [MM1-]make a point,near the centre of the [Link]
it is O.
 Draw line from point O,and name it as [Link] a line in such a
way that the angle [MOA] is less than 90 degrees .
 Now take a plane mirror and place it ON LINE MM1-.
 Paste the glass with plasticine so that glass is fixed upright.
 Fix 2 pins and name them P and Q on line OA.
 Draw a normal from point [Link] set your eye on the right side of
the normal ON along [Link] will observe the pins [P and
Q] in left are visible to you in the [Link] remove the mirror
and make circles around the pin and then remove the pins.
COLOURS
There are 2 types of colours –
PRIMARY COLOURS
SECONDARY COLOURS
 PRIMARY COLOURS-Primary colours is a set
of colours of light by mixing which white light
is [Link] colours can be mixed in
varying amounts to produce a mixture of
[Link]-red,blue etc.
 SECONDARY COLOURS-A secondary colour
is made by mixing to primary colours in
given range of space.
MIXING OF COLOURS

Red + Green = Yellow

Green + Blue = Cyan

Blue + Red = Magenta

RED+GREEN+BLUE=WHITE
THE PERFECT EXAMPLE OF HOW PRIMARY COLOURS MIX TO GET
SECONDARY COLOUR IS RAINBOW
Mixing of Primary Colours

Effect of mixing of Primary

SILVERED SURFACE OF MIRROR
 GROUP-C
MADE BY DEVASYA JOSHI
ISHAAN MANRAL
GARV BARTHWAL OF
CLASS-7A,SUMMER VALLEY
SCHOOL,DEHRADUN