BUFFER
TIM KIMIA FPIK UB
Buffers
NH4+ to react with OH-
Buffers
NH3 to react with H+
Buffers
When H+ is added, it reacts
essentially to completion with the
weak base present
H+ + A- HA or
H+ + B BH+
Buffers
When OH- is added, it reacts
essentially to completion with the
weak acid present
OH- + HA H2O + A-
OH- + BH+ H2O + B
Buffers
pH = pKa + log (base/acid)
Want pH pKa 1
pH determined by
Ka of acid and ratio of acid/conjugate base
or
Kb of base and ratio base/conjugate acid
Buffer Choice
Want pH pKa 1
How do I make a pH 4.0 buffer?
Choose a pKa near the desired pH
Buffer Table
Formic Acid Ka pKa
1.8 X 10-4 3.74
Barbituric 9.8 X 10-5 4.01
Acid
Butanoic Acid 1.52 X 10-5 4.82
Buffer Choice
Choose a pKa near the desired pH
pH = pKa + log (base/acid)
4.0 = 3.74 + log (base/acid)
0.26 = log (base/acid)
10.26 = 1.8 = (Na formate / formic
acid)
Basic Buffer Choice
Ammonia pKb = 4.74
pKa = 14.00 – 4.74 = 9.26
NH3 / NH4Cl used to buffer around pH 9.26
Acid / Base Titrations –
Strong A & B
Titration of HCl with NaOH
14
12
10 Phenolphthalein
8
pH
6
Bromcresol Green
4
2
0
0 20 40 60
mL of .2 M NaOH
Acid / Base Titrations –
Strong A & B
25 mL of .2 M HCl titrated with .2 M
NaOH
Equivalence Point – Where
Stoichiometric amounts of acid and
base have been added
End Point – Where indicator color
change occurs
Acid / Base Titrations –
Strong A & B
VMHCl = 5 X 10-3 mol
-VMNaOH
= moles of H+ leftover till equivalent
point reached
At equivalence point,
5 X 10-3 mol NaCl/.050 L solution
pH = 7
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Acid with Strong Base
25 mL of .2 M Acetic Acid (HAc)
titrated with .2 M NaOH
Initial pH calculated as before
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Acid with Strong Base
During titration up to equivalence point
VMHAc = 5 X 10-3 mol
-VMNaOH
= moles of HAc leftover
VMNaOH = moles OH- added = moles Ac-
made
Say 10. mL of .2 M NaOH added to 25 mL
of .2 M HAc
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Acid with Strong Base
HC2H3O2 H+ + C2H3O-
.005 0 .002
mol-.002 mol
mol
I .003mol/ 0 .002
.035 L mol /.03
5L
C -x +x +x
E .086 M-x x .057 M
.086 +x
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Acid with Strong Base
At Equivalence Point – all acetic acid
converted to Acetate ion
At Equivalence Point you have a
Sodium Acetate Solution
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Acid with Strong Base
At Equivalence Point you have a
Sodium Acetate Solution
To determine pH
Use K and
b
C2H3O2- + H2O HC2H3O2 + OH-
To determine [OH-] and [H+] and pH
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Acid with Strong Base
At Equivalence Point you have a
Sodium Acetate Solution
pH < or > 7 ?
pH = 8.88
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Acid with Strong Base
Titration of Acetic Acid with NaOH
15
10
pH
Equivalence Pt
5 pH = 8.88
0
0 20 40 60
Volume of NaOH/mL
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Acid with Strong Base
Titration of Acetic Acid with NaOH
15
10 Phenolphthalein
pH
5
Bromocresol Green
0
0 20 40 60
Volume of NaOH/mL
Acid / Base Titrations – Weak Base with Strong Acid
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Base with Strong Acid
Weak Base Titrated with Strong Acid
15
NH3/NH4+ buffer
10
pH
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mL of 0.2 M HCl
Acid / Base Titrations –
Weak Base with Strong Acid
Weak Base Titrated with Strong Acid
15
Phenolphthalein
10
pH
Methyl Red
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
mL of 0.2 M HCl
UM UGM’2003
[Link] dari 100ml CH3COOH 0,1M dengan
150 ml CH3COOH 0,2M ( Ka = 10-5) yang
kemudian ditambah 250ml NaOH 0,08 M, maka
pH yang dapat diukur adalah….
A.2,5
B. 5,0
C. 7,0
D. 7,5
E. 8,0
PEMBAHASAN
JAWABAN : B
•Mol CH3COOH = 100 x 0,1 + 150 x 0,2
= 40 mmol
•Mol NaOH = 250 x 0,08 = 20 mmol
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COOH + H2O
M : 40 20 -
R : 20 -
S : 20 - 20
Campuran akhir reaksi merupakan larutan penyangga.
[ H+] = Ka x mmol asam
mmol basa
= 10-5 x 20 = 10-5
20
pH = -log 10-5= 5
UMPTN 2000 Rayon A
2 Untuk membuat larutan penyangga yang
mempunyai pH
=[Link] 100ml larutan CH3COOH 0,5M
(Ka= 10-5)
Harus ditambah larutan CH3COONa 0,5 M
sebanyak…
A. 100 ml B. 50 ml C. 10 ml
D. 5 ml E. 1 ml
PEMBAHASAN
JAWAB : C
[H
+
] = Ka x mol asam
mol garam
10-4 = 10-5 x 100 x 0,5
X x 0,5
X = 10 ml
SIPENMARU 1988
12. Bila 0.15 mol asam asetat
(CH3COOH),Ka = 2 x 10-5 dan 0,10 mol
NaOH dilarutkan dalam air sehingga
diperoleh larutan penyangga dengan
vlume 1 liter, maka pH larutan
penyangga tersebut adalah….
A. 4 C. 5 E. 6
B. 5-log2 D. 5-log3
PEMBAHASAN
JAWAB : C
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa+ H2O
M : 0,15 0,10 - -
R : 0,10 0,10 0,10 -
S : 0,05 - 0,10 0,10
[ H+] = Ka x mol asam
mol garam
= 2 x 10-5 x 0,05
0,1
= 10-5
SIPENMARU 1987
13. Kedalam 1 liter larutan asam asetat
0,2M dimasukkan beberapa gram NaOH
padat, hingga pH lartan menjadi 4. bila
perubahan volum larutan diabaikan,
serta menggunakan tetapan ionisasi
asam asetat Ka = 2x 10-5. Maka jumlah
NaOH yang dimasukkan adalah……
gram( Na = 23, O = 16, H = 1)
A. 1,33 C. 2,33 E. 3,33
B. 2,0 D. 3,0
PEMBAHASAN
JAWAB : A
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
M : 0,2 X - -
R :X X X X
S : 0,2-x - X X
[H+] =Ka x mol asam
mol garam
10-4 = 2x10-5 x 0,2-X
X
X = 0,033 mol
Garam NaOH = 0,033 x 40 = 1,33
SPMB 2005 Regional I, II, III
17. Berapakah pH larutan yang diperoleh
dengan mencampurkan 50ml HNO3 0,2M dan
50 ml KOH 0,4 M?
A.2 C.. 7 E. 13
B. 5 D. 10
PEMBAHASAN
JAWAB : E
HNO3 = 50 x 0,2 = 10 mmol
KOH = 50 x 0,4 = 20 mmol
Sisa KOh = 20 – 10 = 10 mmol
[OH-] = b x Mb = 1 x 10 = 10-1
100
pOH = 1
pH = 13