DRAFT SYSTEM
DRAFT
The difference between atmospheric
pressure and the pressure existing in the
furnace or flue gas passage of a boiler.
The difference in pressure in the
combustion chamber area which results
in the motion of the flue gases and the
air flow.
TYPES OF DRAFT
NATURAL DRAFT
air or flue gases flow due to difference in
density of the hot flue gases and cooler
ambient gases
difference in density creates a pressure
differential that moves the hotter flue
gases into the cooler surroundings
NATURAL DRAFT
MECHANICAL DRAFT
Forced Draft Induced Draft
• creates a partial
• forcing air into the vacuum in the
furnace furnace, thereby
increasing the air
flow into the furnace
MECHANICAL DRAFT
Balanced Draft
• forces air into the furnace and
the combustion gases are
removed from the furnace by
mechanical means
ANDA CFB DRAFT
Type: Balanced Draft Boiler
Components:
1. Induced Draft Fan (IDF)
2. Fluidizing Air Blower (FAB)
3. Secondary Air Fan (SAF)
4. Primary Air Fan (PAF)
AIR AND FLUE GAS
SYSTEM
AIR AND FLUE GAS SYSTEM
CYCLONE
FURNACE BACKPASS
STACK
SEALPOT
ESP
INDUCED DRAFT
FAN
PRIMARY AIR FAN
SECONDARY AIR FAN
FLUIDIZING AIR
BLOWER
INDUCED DRAFT FAN
placed at the outlet of the boiler
system and exhaust all gaseous
combustion products, or flue gas,
from the boiler by creating a
negative pressure or suction within
the furnace
INDUCED DRAFT FAN
FLUIDIZING AIR BLOWER
used to fluidize the seal pots, to
push the coarser particles to
combustion chamber.
Accounts to about 3% of
combustion air.
Fluidizing Air
Provided to:
Cyclone hopper
Stand pipe
Vertical leg of seal pot inlet
Bottom of Seal pot
Vertical leg of seal pot outlet
Return duct
Cyclone Hopper
Stand Pipe
Vertical Leg of Seal Pot Inlet Bottom of Seal Pot
Vertical Leg of Seal Pot Return Duct
Outlet
SECONDARY AIR FAN
introduced to furnace at the levels above
the grate, to form the stage combustion.
Accounts to about 34% of combustion air.
Stage combustion is effective on the
elimination of NOx.
SECONDARY AIR FAN
SECONDARY AIR FAN
STAGING AIR
PRIMARY AIR FAN
Device that supplies fluidizing air to the
furnace
It provides about 62% of the total
combustion air to the combustion
chamber.
PRIMARY AIR FAN
PRIMARY AIR FAN
Forced oil lubrication
The oil drop method pumps, or “drops,”
oil directly onto the surfaces where it’s
needed. A pump takes lubrication from
a reservoir and delivers it to the gears
and/or bearings via an internal piping
system.
Forced oil lubrication
Air Purpose Ratio of total
combustion air
1. Primary Air • (Furnace) Fluidizing 57%
Air
5%
• Cold and hot air for
solid feeding
2. Secondary Air • Air to secondary air 34%
manifolds and start-
up burners
3. Fluidizing Air • Air to Seal Pot 3%
Assembly
4. Others • Include Plant Air for 1%
Limestone Feeding
and Sand Feeding,
Etc.
AIR AND FLUE GAS SYSTEM
CYCLONE
FURNACE BACKPASS
STACK
SEALPOT
ESP
INDUCED DRAFT
FAN
PRIMARY AIR FAN
SECONDARY AIR FAN
FLUIDIZING AIR
BLOWER
Start-Up Sequence
1. Induced Draft Fan (IDF)
2. Fluidizing Air Blower (FAB)
3. Secondary Air Fan (SAF)
4. Primary Air Fan (PAF)
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