BASEBALL

ecture on Baseball
Members:
Members:

Ordonio
Calo
Jopia
Rallos
History of Baseball:
It was said to have begun in the 19th
century, but that’s not entirely true
as the game was played much
earlier. The first baseball clubs were
formed around that time. In 1845,
an Englishman by the name of
Alexander Cartwright devised the
first set of rules in baseball. In fact,
many of which are still being used
today.
History of Baseball:
In the early 20th century, the
concentration was more on hitting
the home runs. Babe Ruth changed
the course of the game with his
magical abilities to achieve home
runs. It was due to sportsmen like
Babe Ruth that baseball achieved
the levels of popularity that it did.
The popularity of Babe Ruth also
helped in improving the money in
the game, since people just went to
watch Babe Ruth in action.
History of Baseball:
Baseball became a game of strategy and hitting
throughout the last part of the 20th century. However,
pitching and home run hitting are the baseball
benchmarks of today. Depending on the strength of their
bullpens and their home run hitters, baseball teams are
either big winners or big losers. The only consistent
thing is that the cost of admission still continues to rise
Bases:
The first bases used in baseball were
four-foot high stakes. Too many
players ran into them and were hurt,
so they tried big flat rocks, Players
were still being injured, so they
finally filled soft sacks with sand.
The modern day bases are made
similar to the sand-filled bags.
Gear:
Today's players wear a face-
mask, helmet, chest protector
shin guards, and a cup. In
1952, the Pittsburgh Pirates
were the first team to wear
helmets. They wore them
when they were batting and
when they were playing in the
field.
Bats:
All baseballs are made the same size
and weight. They are 9 to 9-1/4 inches
in circumference and weigh 5 to 5-1/4
ounces. The center of the baseball is
cork. The cork ball is covered with
rubber. Cotton and wool yarn are
tightly wound around the cork and
rubber center. 150 yards of cotton
yarn (450 feet) and 219 yards of wool
yarn (625 feet) are used to make a
baseball.
Baseball Rules and Regulations:
-Each team in a baseball game starts nine players
-Each game is between 2 teams
-Each game is has 9 innings (many levels of youth baseball,
including high school, play only six- or seven-inning games)
-There are 3 outs per inning
-There are 9 players on the field at a time
-The pitcher tries to strike out the batter
-The batter tries to hit the ball and score
Baseball Rules and Regulations:
-There are 4 bases
-Players much touch all bases to score
-All bases are 90 feet apart
-The pitchers mound is 60 feet from home plate
-Bases are called First-Second-Third-Home
-Touching home plate scores a run
Positions and Lineups
On defense
• the players occupy nine
positions
• There are five infield positions
(pitcher, catcher, first base,
second base, third base, and
shortstop), and three outfield
positions (left field, center
field, and right field.
Positions and Lineups
Batting/defense
• Each batter gets 3 strikes or 4
balls
• 3 strikes is an out for the batter
• 4 balls is a walk-batter goes to
first base
• A ball out side of home plate is
a ball
• A ball over the plate is a strike •
A swing and miss is a strike
• There are 9 players in a lineup
Positions and Lineups
Positions and Lineups
On offense
• the nine starters form a
strategically arranged lineup,
which determines the order
in which each player bats.

• Many baseball organizations

allow the use of a designated
hitter.
Positions and Lineups
-Batting/Offense
• Each batter gets 3 strikes or 4 balls
• 3 strikes is an out for the batter
• 4 balls is a walk-batter goes to first
base
• A ball out side of home plate is a
ball
• A ball over the plate is a strike
• A swing and miss is a strike
• There are 9 players in a lineup
Positions and Lineups
-On offense
• The players take turns batting
according to the lineup, and once
every player has batted, the order
starts over from the top. It is
against the rules to bat out of
order. Substitutions may be made
at any time, but once a player has
been removed from the game, he
cannot return (unless specific
league rules allow it).
Positions and Lineups
Pitching and Defense
On defense
• the players occupy nine
positions
• There are five infield positions
(pitcher, catcher, first base,
second base, third base, and
shortstop), and three outfield
positions (left field, center
field, and right field.
Pitching and Defense
-Fielding/Defense
• There are 9 positions of the field
• There is an infield and outfield
• Infield Positions: 1st base, 2nd
base, short stop, third base, Pitcher
and catcher
• Outfield positions: Right field, Left
field, Center Field
Pitching and Defense
-Fielding/Defense
• Objective of defense is to get 3
outs
• Players must get ball to first
basemen
• This must happen before the
runner gets there
• Force out: When infielder simply
steps on base with the ball
•Tag Out: When player must tag
runner with the ball
Ways to record an out on defence:
Strike out
• After three strikes, the batter
is out. However, a batter
cannot strike out on a foul
ball. If he hits a foul ball with
two strikes, the count remains
the same.
Ways to record an out on defence:
Tag out
• When the ball is in play, any
defensive player may tag a
base runner when he is off the
base to record an out.
Ways to record an out on defence:
Catch
• If the batter hits a pitched ball
in play, and any member of the
defense catches it in the air,
then the batter is out. A runner
on base may attempt to
advance to the next base once
a catch has been made by
"tagging up." However, the
runner does so at the risk of
being tagged out.
Ways to record an out on defence:
Force out
• the batter hits a pitched ball in play
that is not caught in the air, the
defense may field the ball and
touch first before the batter
reaches the base to record the out.
Also, if there are runners on first
base, first and second base, or all
three bases, the runners must
advance if a batted ball touches the
ground (they are "forced").
Ways to record an out on defence:
Force out
• Therefore, the defense can tag a
base in front of a runner for a force-
out. It is possible for the defense to
record multiple force-outs on the
same play. This is called a double
play.
 Ways to record an out on defence:
Scoring
- In baseball, scoring involves recording
the details of a game as it unfolds.
Players score by hitting the ball and
running all four bases to reach home
plate.
• A run is scored when a player
successfully touches all bases and
returns to home plate before the
fielders get the ball back.
 Ways to record an out on defence:
Scoring
• A home run occurs when the batter
hits the ball out of the playing field,
resulting in a run for the batter and
any other runners on base.
• The team with the most runs wins
the game, and a run is scored after a
player safely reaches each base and
crosses home plate.
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:
Single
The batter hits a pitched ball into fair territory, and the defense
is unable to catch it in the air. If the batter makes it to first base
without being tagged with the ball or before the defense can
make a force-play at first base, then the batter is safe with a
single.
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:
Double
The batter hits a pitched ball into fair territory, and the defense
is unable to catch it in the air. If the batter makes it to second
base without being tagged with the ball or before the defense
can make a force-play, then the batter is safe with a double.
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:
Triple
The batter hits a pitched ball into fair territory, and the defense
is unable to catch it in the air. If the batter makes it to third
base without being tagged with the ball or before the defense
can make a force-play, then the batter is safe with a triple.
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:
Home run
The batter hits a pitched ball into fair territory, and the defense
is unable to catch it in the air. If the batter touches all three
bases and makes it to home plate without being tagged with
the ball or before the defense can make a force-play, then the
batter is safe with a home run. In addition, if the batter hits a
pitched ball that lands beyond the designated outfield fence, it
is an automatic home run. He is allowed to jog around the
bases and touch home plate, and any runners who were on
base are also allowed to score.
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:

Base on balls
If the pitcher throws four pitches out of the strike zone (as
determined by the home plate umpire) before the batter hits
the ball fair or strikes out, then the batter is awarded first base.
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:

Hit by pitch
If a pitched ball strikes the batter on any part of his body, the
batter is awarded first base (unless an umpire determines that
the batter intentionally moved in order to get hit).
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:

Catcher's interference
If the batter's bat makes contact with the catcher while he
attempts to swing at a pitch, the batter is awarded first base.
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:

Defensive error
If the batter is able to safely reach base as the result of a
defensive player's mistake, then the play is called an error. An
error has effectively the same result as a hit, but officially it is a
different type of play.
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:

Dropped third strike

If a batter swings and misses at a pitched ball for the third
strike, but the catcher drops the ball or it bounces away, the
batter may attempt to run to first base. If the batter reaches
first base before the catcher can tag him or make a force-out,
then the batter is safe.
Ways that a batter may reach base safely:

Fielder's choice
If the batter hits a pitched ball into play, and the defense
chooses to tag or force-out another base runner instead of the
batter (thereby allowing the batter to reach base safely), then it
is considered a fielder's choice. This is a less desirable way to
reach base, because an out is recorded in the process.