MODULE 4

What hazards exist?

 Crushed by or drawn into equipment

 Struck by moving parts
 Struck by failed components or particles

2 ©2006 TEEX
 Key parts of machines

1. Point of operation: where work is performed on the

material, such as cutting, shaping, boring, or forming of
stock.
2. Power Transmission Device: transmits energy to the part
of the machine performing the work
 Includes flywheels, pulleys, belts, connecting rods, couplings, cams,
spindles, chains, cranks, and gears.

3 ©2006 TEEX
 Key parts of machines

3. Operation Controls: Control mechanisms

4. Other moving parts: can include reciprocating,
rotating, and transverse moving parts, feed
mechanisms, and auxiliary parts of the machine

4 ©2006 TEEX
5 ©2006 TEEX
 Hazards to be Guarded

 Things to guard include

 In-running nip points
 Rotating equipment
 Flying chips or sparks
 Belts or gears
 Parts that impact or shear

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 Rotating Parts

 Can grip hair or clothing

 Can force the body into a dangerous position
 Projecting pieces increase risk

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 In-Running Nip Points

 Between 2 rotating parts

 Between rotating and tangential parts
 Between rotating and fixed parts which
shear, crush, or abrade

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 Reciprocating Parts

 Risk of being struck between stationary

and moving part

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 Transverse motion

 Continuous straight line motion

 Worker struck or caught in pinch or
shear point

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 Cutting action

 Direct injury from cutting action

 Flying chips or sparks
 Saws, drills, lathes, mills

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 Punching action

 Ram stamps materials

 Danger at point of operation

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 Shearing action

 Powered blade that shears materials

 Hazard at point of operation

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 Bending action

 Power applied to a slide to stamp/shape materials

 Hazard at point of operation

14 ©2006 TEEX
 Guarding Principles

 Prevent contact between hazardous moving parts and body

or clothing
 Secure guard: not easily removed
 Protect from objects falling into machinery
 No new hazards: sharp/rough edges
 No interference with job/comfort/speed
 Allow safe lubrication: without removing guards if possible

15 ©2006 TEEX
 Part Two:
Safeguarding
There are many ways to safeguard
machines!

Determine the appropriate safeguarding

method. Consider:
• the type of operation and material
• the size or shape of stock
• the method of handling
• the physical layout of the work area
 Part Two:
Safeguarding
1. Guards
Fixed
Interlocked
Adjustable
Self-
adjusting
 Part Two:
Safeguarding
2. Devices
Presence
Sensing
Pullback
Restraint
Safety
Controls
Gates
Rockford Systems, Inc.
 Part Two:
Safeguarding
3. Location/Distance

4. Feeding/Ejection Methods
Automatic/Semi-Auto feed
Automatic/Semi-Auto
ejection Robotics
 Effective
Safeguarding
• Must be in conformity with any
appropriate standards.
• Must not present a hazard in itself
nor create interference.
• Allows safe maintenance
and lubrication.
 Effective
Safeguarding
• Must not allow product or objects to fall into
moving parts or onto people.
• Get Buy-in from Operators, PM Tech, Lube and
Maintenance Techs.
 First Safeguarding Strategy: Guards

Guards are barriers which prevent

access to danger areas.
 First Safeguarding Strategy:
Guards

Fixed Guard Characteristics:

– A permanent part of the machine.
Tools are needed for removal.
– Not dependent upon moving
parts to perform its intended
function.
– Constructed of sheet metal, screen,
wire cloth, bars, plastic, or
substantial material.
 Part Two:
Safeguarding
As a general rule, power transmission
apparatus is best protected by fixed
guards that enclose the danger areas.

Enclosed
shaft end
Enclosed chain
& sprocket
 First Safeguarding Strategy: Guards

Interlocked Guard Characteristics:

When this type of guard is
opened/removed:
– The tripping mechanism
and/or power
automatically shuts off or
disengages.
– The machine cannot cycle
or be started until the
guard is back in place.
 First Safeguarding Strategy:
Guards

Interlocked Guard Characteristics

(continued):
– They may use electrical,
mechanical, hydraulic, or
pneumatic power or any
combination of these.
– Replacing the guard must not
automatically restart the
machine.
Interlocke
d
guarding
can be
defeated!
This was
taped
down.
Good
opportuni
ty for
RCA.
 First Safeguarding Strategy:
Guards
Adjustable Guards
– These guards allow flexibility in
accommodating various sizes of
stock
 First Safeguarding Strategy:
Guards

Self-Adjusting Guards
The openings of these guards are
determined by the movement of the
stock.
– As the operator moves the stock
into the danger area, the guard
is pushed away, providing an
opening which is only large
enough to admit the stock.
 Second Safeguarding Strategy: Devices

A safety device may perform one of several

functions.

Rockford Systems, Inc.

Second Safeguarding Strategy:
Devices
• Presence-Sensing Devices
Photoelectric (optical)
– Uses a system of light sources
and controls which can
interrupt the machine's
operating cycle.
Radiofrequency (capacitance)
– Uses a radio beam that is part
of the machine control circuit.
– When the capacitance field is
broken, the machine will stop or
Second Safeguarding Strategy: Devices
It may stop the machine if a
hand or any part of the body is
inadvertently placed in the
danger area.

Equipment Resale, Inc

Second Safeguarding Strategy:
Devices

• Restraint
– The restraint (holdout) device
utilizes cables or straps that are
attached to the operator's hands
at a fixed point
– The cables or straps must be
adjusted to let the operator's
hands travel within a
predetermined safe area - there is
Second Safeguarding Strategy:
Devices
Second Safeguarding Strategy: Devices
• Pullback
– Pullback devices utilize a series of
cables attached to the operator's
hands, wrists, and/or arms
– This type of device is primarily
used on machines with stroking
action
– When the slide/ram is up between
cycles, the operator is allowed
access to the point of operation
Identify the
Action
Second Safeguarding Strategy: Devices

• Two Hand Controls

– Requires constant, concurrent
pressure by the operator to activate
the machine
– With this type of
device, the
operator’s hands
are required to be at
a safe location (on
the control
Second Safeguarding Strategy:
Devices

Rockford Systems, Inc.

Second Safeguarding Strategy:
Devices
• Two Hand Trips
– This device
requires
concurrent
application of both
the operator’s
control buttons to
activate the
machine cycle,
after which the
Second Safeguarding Strategy:
Devices
• Gates
• Provide a barrier which is synchronized
with the operating cycle of the
machine in order to prevent entry to
the danger area during the hazardous
part of the cycle

Rockford Systems, Inc.

 First Safeguarding Strategy:
Guards
Interlocked guards:
– Vertical balers built to ANSI
Z245.2 American National Standard for
Refuse Collection, Processing, and
Disposal Equipment-Stationary
Compactors-Safety Requirements do
not comply with Title 8 CCR
4353(h).
 Another Safeguarding Strategy

• Guarding by Location/Distance
– The machine or its dangerous moving
parts are positioned so that
hazardous areas are not accessible
or do not present a hazard during
normal operation
– walls or other barricades (fences)
– height (above worker)
– size of stock (single end
Is this adequate guarding by
location?
 Another Safeguarding Strategy

• Auto/Semi-auto Feeding and Ejection

– Automatic and Semi-automatic
Feeding
 Another Safeguarding Strategy

Feeding and Ejection

– Automatic Ejection
 Another Safeguarding Strategy

Feeding and Ejection

–
Semiautoma
tic Ejection
 Another Safeguarding Strategy???

• Robotics
– Machines that load and unload
stock, assemble parts, transfer
objects, and perform other
tasks
– They perform work otherwise done
by the operator
– Best used in high production
processes requiring repeated
routines
Robotics
 Miscellaneous Aids

Does not give complete protection from

machine hazards, but may provide the
operator with an extra margin of safety.
Examples:
•Awareness barriers
•Shields
•Holding tools
•Push sticks or blocks
 *Mechanical Power
Presses
Mechanical Power Presses are machines
that transmit force to cut, form, or
assemble metal or other materials through
tools or dies attached to or operated by
slides.
3 types of Mechanical Power Presses
o Mechanical
o Hydraulic
o Pneumatic
 A Mechanical Press is a machine that exerts
pressure to form or shape or cut materials or
extract liquids or compress solids.
 A Press is a mechanically powered machine
that punches, shears, forms or assembles
metal or other materials by means of cutting,
shaping or combination of dies attached to
slides or rams.
 A Press consists of a stationary bed ( or anvil
), and a slide ( or slides ) having a controlled
reciprocating motion toward and away from
the bed surface, the slide being guided in a
defined path by the frame of the press.
 Major components of a Mechanical
Press are;
o The Frame
o Motor
o Flywheel
o Crankshaft
o Clutch
o Brake
 Main Hazard
o AMPUTAIONS
 Placing hand into point of operations
 Unguarded or inadequately guarded presses
 Deactivating or over-riding safeguards
 Safeguards most commonly used:
o Barrier guards attached to fixed surfaces
o Presence-Sensing devices
 Radio Frequency Sensors
 Light Curtains
 Pullback Devices
 Fixed Guards
*Safety in Turning
Safety Precautions When Dealing With Boring

• Handling boring mills is a complex job that requires specialist

precaution aimed at protecting yourself, your colleagues, and your
staff from bodily injuries.
• Use the right tool for the right job
One of the primary causes of industrial injuries is broken drilling
heads. By having the right tooling edge matched with the right
operational spindle speed for the right work piece, the chances of
industrial accidents are greatly reduced
• Always have protective clothing
There is a need to have the right protective gear on. This minimizes
the chances of industrial accidents, since your body is always
covered in the right clothing.
For a safer operational environment, the clothing used should be
tight enough to protect you from having loose hangings that can be
easily trapped in the revolving mill parts. Protective optical ware
should also be used at all times to protect your eyes from exposure
to work piece off-cuts.
• Know your machine
Having proper technical knowhow about your machine gives you a
competitive edge in increasing your safety.
In fact, less experienced boring machine users have been proven to
be thrice as likely as their experienced peers to cause machine-
related accidents.
Therefore, only personnel with the right skills should be granted the
green light to work with the boring mills.
• Service your machines regularly
Regular repairing and servicing of your boring tools give them a
precise way of delivering on your expectations.
It also safeguards your company from technical breakdowns
resulting from poorly maintained boring tools.
*Safety in Milling
*Safety in Grinding
Machines
*Safety in Gas Welding
* Most farms and small shops have some type of equipment for welding
and cutting metals.

* Acetylene is the most commonly used fuel gas. Acetylene is very

flammable and hazardous, and can ignite at a wide range of

concentrations.

* Oxygen won’t burn or explode, but it helps other objects burn at

greater rates.

* Gases are stored in cylinders which can rupture. A cylinder containing

compressed gas can shoot through the air like a rocket if its valve is

damaged or broken.
 *Storage and Handling
• Keep cylinders away from physical damage, heat, and tampering.
• Securely chain equipment to prevent falling.
• Store away from flammable and combustible materials.
• Store extra gas and oxygen cylinders separately.
• Store in an upright position.
• Close cylinder valves before moving.
• Protective caps or regulators should be kept in place.
• Roll cylinders on bottom edges to move—Do not drag.
• Allow very little movement when transporting.
 *General Gas Welding
Safety Tips
• Inspect equipment for leaks at all connections using approved leak-test solution.
• Inspect hoses for leaks and worn places.
• Replace bad hoses.
• Protect hoses and cylinders from sparks, flames, and hot metal.
• Use a flint lighter to ignite the flame.
• Stand to the side (away from the regulators) when opening cylinder valves.
• Open cylinder valves very slowly to keep sudden high pressures from exploding the
regulators.
• Onlyopen the acetylene cylinder valve ¼-¾ turn; leave wrench in place so the cylinder
can be quickly closed in an emergency.
• Open and light acetylene first, then open and adjust oxygen to a neutral flame.
• Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for shutting off the torch. If the guidelines
are not readily available, the commonly accepted practice is to close the oxygen valve
first.
• When finished, close cylinder valves, bleed the lines to take pressure off regulators,
neatly coil hoses, and replace equipment.
 *Personal Protective
Equipment
• Infrared radiation is a cause of retinal burning and cataracts. Protect your
eyes with safety glasses.
• Protect your body from welding spatter and optical radiation hazards with
protective clothing. Such as:
• Woolen or heavy cotton clothing
• Flame-proof apron
• Welding gloves
• Properly fitted clothing that is not frayed or worn
• Shirts should have long sleeves
• Pants should be straight legged and covering shoes when arc welding
• Fire-resistant welder’s cap or shoulder covers are needed for overhead work
• Check protective clothing equipment before each use to make sure it is in
good condition.
• Keep clothes free of grease and oil.
 *Proper Ventilation
*Be sure there is adequate ventilation available when welding in confined
areas or where there are barriers to air movement. Natural drafts, fans,
and positioning of the head can help keep fumes away from the welder’s
face.
*VENTILATION IS SUFFICIENT IF**:
• The room or welding area contains at least 10,000 cubic feet for each
welder.
• The ceiling height is not less than 16 feet.
• Cross ventilation is not blocked by partitions, equipment, or other
structural barriers.
• Welding is not done in a confined space.
***If these space requirements are not met then the area needs to be
equipped with mechanical ventilating equipment that exhausts at least
2000 cfm of air for each welder, except where local exhaust hoods or
*Safety in Arc Welding
 What is Arc Welding?

• Arc welding is most commonly used to join two pieces of metal

– The welder creates an electric arc that melts the base metals and filler
metal (consumable) together so that they all fuse into one solid piece of
metal

Steel Pipe – Tack Root Pass or Final weld after

Welded “Stringer Bead” several beads are
made
94
 Arc Welding Safety

• Protect yourself and others

from potential hazards
including:
– Fumes and Gases
– Electric Shock
– Arc Rays
– Fire and Explosion Hazards
– Noise
– Hot objects

95
 Fumes and Gases
• Fumes and gases can be
hazardous to your health
• Keep your head out of the
fumes
• Use enough ventilation,
exhaust at the arc, or both,
to keep fumes and gases
from your breathing zone
and the general area
• See product labeling and
MSDS for ventilation and
respirator requirements

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 Electric Shock
• Electric shock can kill
• Do not touch live electrical
parts
– Primary Voltage –230, 460
volt input power
– Secondary Voltage – 6 to
100 volts for welding
• Insulate yourself from
work and ground
• Follow all warnings on Do not make repairs
yourself, alert your
welding equipment instructor immediately!

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 Arc Rays

• Arc rays can injure eyes and

burn skin
• The welding arc is brighter
than the sun
• Precaution must be taken to
protect your eyes and skin
from UV radiation
• Wear correct eye and body
protection

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 Fire and Explosion Hazards
• Welding sparks can cause
fires and explosions
• Sparks and spatter from the
welding arc can spray up to
35 feet from your work
• Flammable materials should
be removed from the welding
area or shielded from sparks
and spatter
• Have a fire extinguisher ready
• Inspect area for fires 30
minutes after welding

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 Noise

• Loud noises can damage your hearing

• Keep loud noises at a safe level by using proper
hearing protection such as:
– Ear plugs
– Ear muffs

100
 Protective Clothing

Welders must wear protective

clothing for
– Protection from sparks, spatter and UV
radiation
– Insulation from electric shock

• Protective clothing includes …

– Fire-proof clothing without rolled sleeves,
cuffs or frays
– Work boots
– Welding gloves, jackets, bibs, and fire-
proof pants
– Welding cap, helmet and safety glasses
– Ear protection – ear plugs and muffs

101
Manual Handling

• Manual handling means using physical strength to move materials .

• This method increases the possibilities of injuries and adds to the cost of product.
• To reduce the number of material handling injuries and increase the efficiency,
material handling to be minimized by combining and eliminating operations or
mechanization.
• Even after all elimination and mechanization there will be still objects to be lifted
manually for which the following factors are to be taken into consideration for safe
acts in materials handling.
 Mechanical Material Handling
Safety

• Heavy materials which are not safe to handle manually must be handled by

mechanical means and this includes lifting, transporting, stacking, loading and

unloading by means of palletizer, chain pulley block, forklifts, conveyors or

cranes and hoists.

• Mechanical material handling avoids a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders

resulting from manual material handling.

• Mechanical material handling helps increase levels of productivity in the

workplace. There is no doubt that machines can do many tasks more quickly and

efficiently in less time which human cannot do.

Hazards in Mechanical Material Handling

1. Use of equipment and machinery without valid OSHA inspection certificates.

2. Inadequate and wrong selection of handling tools and machines.

3. Mechanical damage and faulty equipment.

4. Congested space for operation.

5. Incompetent operator.

6. Overloading of machines, tools and equipment.

7. Loading and transporting unbalanced materials.

8. Poor rigging and lifting.

9. Over speeding and unauthorized operation

[Link] of machines without machine guard.

Risk in Mechanical material handling

1. Poorly maintained tools, equipment and machines are prone to accidents due to failure of electrical,

mechanical, and hydraulic systems that can cause serious injury to personnel and property damage.

2. Risk of load failure due to inadequate and incorrect selection of handling tools and machinery.

3. There is a risk of collision with property or personnel due to congested operating space.

4. An untrained and unauthorized machine operator can cause serious accidents and injure other personnel.

5. Risk of material failure during handling due to overloading of machines, tools and equipment.

6. Equipment can fall due to improper loading and transportation, poor rigging and lifting, and over

speeding by unauthorized operation.

7. The use of machines without guards presents a high risk of serious injury.
Dos

1. Use lifting tools and hoists of adequate capacity.

2. Only authorized persons should use the equipment and machines.

3. The identification number and the safe working load must be marked on all tools and hoists.

4. Check the functioning of emergency switch, limit switches and over load alarm before actually

starting the operation of lifting machines.

5. Estimate the weight, distance, and hazards before lifting the load.

6. Store lifting tools and hoists in a designated location.

7. Use appropriate personal protective equipment

8. Keep the speed slow while approaching at destinated location.

9. Stay alert and maintain eye contact on load and nearby man movement.

10. Special care should be taken when using the forklift and other portable hydraulic equipment.

11. When lifting the load with slings, make sure that all sharp corners are padded with soft material.

12. Barricade the area where the lifting operation is performed.

13. Use appropriate plate clamps to lift metal plates.

14. Use beam clamps for lifting beams.

15. Use an appropriate guide rope while lifting and shifting the material.

16. Apply an appropriate protective coating to keep tools in good condition.

Don’ts
1. Don’t use faulty tools and tackles.

2. Don’t stand under a suspended load.

3. Don’t lift the metal plates by using web slings only.

4. Don’t use the equipment for any other purpose than intended.

5. Don’t allow personnel to move underneath lifted load.

6. Don’t load the machines and equipment above its safe working load.

7. Don’t use makeshift arrangement for lifting the material.

8. Don’t use equipment, tools, hoist and tackles with a missing label or tag.

9. Don’t drag chains, ropes or cables on the floor.

[Link]’t use chemical contaminated web slings, wire sling or belt without re-inspection.

[Link]’t use a hoist, slings, chains and other lifting tools and tackles that have lost more than
10% of its breaking strength.
Manual Handling Risk Assessme
nt
• A manual handling risk assessment is used to identify hazards that may cause musculoskeletal injuries to workers
when they perform manual handling.

• Similar to a regular risk assessment, a manual handling risk assessment is carried out to identify and evaluate risk
factors.

• Specifically activities of lifting, putting down, carrying, moving, and handling objects during work operations.

• It is primarily carried out by health and safety officers.

• Once a manual handling risk assessment is completed, health and safety workers work to develop processes and
preventive measures.

• Assessing manual handling risks is crucial to protect workers from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), increase job
satisfaction, and improve quality of work.
How do you carry out a manual
handling risk assessment?
• Determine the task – Ask the workers how the task is done.
Establish the scope of the manual handling activity and its
important stages. This helps pinpoint the exact moment an injury
may happen.
• Retrieve essential information – This includes technical
information such as load factors of TILE. Load factors to consider
are the weight, size, and shape. Another essential information is
knowing what postures will the worker be in, size of the space,
number of manual handling tasks, and the employee’s technical
knowledge.
• Determine the risk factors – Find out the hazards and risk
factors. Every factor needs evidence on why it’s a potential risk for
the manual handling activity.
• Identify potential improvements – Consult with the
personnel using the objective results of the manual
handling risk assessment. These improvements should
reduce or prevent injury due to manual handling
activity. HSA suggests developing a safe system of work
plan and to use equipment when possible.
• Review the changes – A staff member should do
regular inspections to check the effectiveness of the
implemented improvements. Risk assessments are a
continuous process that should be updated regularly
and revised when necessary.
4 Key Areas of Manual Handling
• When performing manual handling risk assessments,
the assessor mainly focuses on the 4 key areas of
manual handling which is often referred to as the
acronym TILE (Task, Individual, Load, and Environment)
• In some safety circles, “other factors” have been
identified as another key area for evaluating manual
handling risks, turning the assessment method into
TILEO (Task, Individual, Load, Environment, and Other
factors).
• Task: Manual handling tasks that are too strenuous, involves long distances, and

availability of rest and recovery.

• Individual: This involves the worker’s capabilities such as no training, lack of

experience, unfamiliar with the job, physical capabilities, and prior history of injuries.

• Load: This risk can be caused by objects that are too heavy, too large, difficult to

grasp or reach, obscures the worker’s view, and unbalanced, unstable or if its contents

can move.

• Environment: Hazards because of insufficient work space, uneven or slippery floors,

unstable platforms, heat stress, and poor lighting.

• Other factors: monotonous tasks at a high pace and prolonged work without resting,

among others.
Use Proper Lifting Techniques
• Avoid lifting heavy items above chest height.
• Use the “big toe” test to test the weight of the object. If you can push the
item with your toe, it is safe to move it alone. If not, ask for help.
• When picking up a heavy item from the ground, stand close to the load
with your feet shoulder-width apart.
• Squat down, bending at your knees, keeping your back as straight as
possible.
• Make sure you have a firm grasp on the object before lifting. Use handles,
if available.
• If you are lifting with a partner, coordinate lifting time.
• Once the object is lifted off of the ground, carry it as close to your body as
possible to prevent the object from losing its center of gravity and falling
to the ground.
Solutions for Pulling
• Keep your feet hip-width apart.
• When bending forward to pull, drop your hips and bend
your knees. Concentrate on keeping your core muscles
tight to decrease pressure on your back.
• Always face the object you are pulling. Take
small, backward steps once you start to move.
Push Before Pulling
• It is safer to push rather than pull.
• Keep your back straight and bend your knees.
• Do not twist at your hips to push, but rather keep your
core tight and use your legs and body weight to move
the object.
• Face the load squarely rather than at the top or bottom
of the object.
How to Maintain hooks
1. Before use, hooks must be inspected by an experienced rigger.
2. Remove a hook from service if any of the following are in evidence:
a. Cracks, nicks or gouges
b. Twist exceeding 10 degrees from plane of unbent hook
c. Damage or malfunction to the latch
d. Throat opening exceeding 15 percent
e. Wear exceeding 10 percent of original dimension
f. Damage from heat
g. Unauthorized repairs
[Link], nicks and gouges should be removed by a qualified person. Grind lengthwise,
following the contour of the hook.
[Link] removing the damaged area results in a loss of more than 10 percent of the original
dimension, the hook must be replaced.
[Link] repair, alter or reshape a hook by welding, heating, burning or bending, unless
approved by the hook manufacturer.
[Link] lifting, ensure the hook, not the latch, supports the load. The sling or lifting device
must always be seated properly in the bowl of the hook.
[Link] side load, back load or point load a hook. All reduce hook strength and create an
unsafe condition. Point loading can reduce hook capacity as much as 60 percent.
CLAMP Maintenance

• Routine maintenance keeps your clamps in top condition so they can live their best
– and longest – lives.

• New Clamp Use:

 No matter what type of woodworking clamps you’re using, the maintenance

process begins the moment you unwrap your shiny new friends. If your clamp
has a bar, it’s important to properly prep it before use.
 Next, use a clean cloth that’s been lightly dipped into mineral spirits and wipe
the bar down. Do this until all adhesive is gone and the bar is dry, with no resin
coming off of it. To keep glue from sticking during future glue-ups, apply a coat
of paste wax to the bar and buff clean.
During clamp use

• Keeping your clamps clean will extend their life span and ensure your workspace (and final
product) stays free of marks or residue.
• The easiest way to prevent glue from adhering to your clamps is to use a protective layer –
like painter’s tape, packing tape, or parchment paper – between your project and your
clamp
After clamp use
• Once a clamp’s job is finished, remove it from the workpiece immediately.
• After every use, wipe each part of the clamp with a dry cloth.
• Clearing any dust or debris will ensure there’s no buildup, and keeping clamps clean will
help to avoid slippage when working on your next project.
• Any dirt, dust, or debris has the potential to damage your clamp’s working ability and can
even leave marks or stains on the surface of your workpiece.
• You can also regularly buff your bar with paste wax, keeping all the moving parts of your
clamp in top condition and preventing rust development.
Clamp storage

 Always store clamps away from heat in a secure, safe, dry place.

 When possible, separate clamp heads to prevent them from sticking together.

 Consider investing in clamp racks or carts to keep clamps stored properly.