People and the Earth’s Ecosystem
First Sem., S.Y. 2024 - 2025
Chapter 3: Agriculture and Development
Agriculture and Rural Poverty in Developing and
Underdeveloped Countries
Development Goals and Strategies
Organizations for Agriculture
ISUE-Cag-InM-065
Effectivity: 01/09/2013
Revision: 0
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
First World Second World Third World
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
The term First World originally to the capitalist,
industrialized countries, within the Western European and
refers
United States’ sphere of influence (Members of the NATO).
Nations with the most advanced economy, highest standard of
living, the most advanced technology, the greatest influence in
the world.
The term could also mean: industrialized nations, developed
countries or rich countries, in contrast to the poor, under-
developed, uncivilized, exploited nations of the so called Third
World.
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
The term Second World refers to the
communist-socialist,
former industrial Union
states,
Soviet Socialists Republic,
today
Russia, Eastern Europe and some of the of
known
Turk States (Kazakhstan) as well as China.
as
COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
The term Third World was originally coined in
times of the Cold War to distinguish those nations
that are neither aligned with the West (NATO) nor
with the East (Communist bloc).
Today, the term is often used to describe the
developing countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America
and Oceania.
Many poor nations adopted the term to describe
themselves.
Criteria for the World’s most impoverished countries
The least developed countries (LDC) are group of
countries that have been identified by the UN as “least
developed”
3 criteria for the identification of LDCs:
1. A low income estimate of the gross national income
(GNI) per capita
2. Weak human assets; and
3. High degree of economic vulnerability
In 2014, the UN’s comparative analysis of poverty
listed 50 countries. 34 African countries, 10 Asian
countries, 5 pacific island nations and 1 Caribbean
nation.
POVERTY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
POVERTY IN THE PHILIPPINES
In its Macro Poverty Outlook for East Asia and the Pacific
report, the World Bank projected poverty incidence in the
Philippines at 20.8 percent by the end of 2019, down from 26
percent in 2015. ([Link], 2019)
The rate of decline of poverty has been slower compared
with other East Asian Countries, such as People's Republic of
China (PRC), Thailand, Indonesia, or Vietnam (NEDA).
POVERTY IN THE PHILIPPINES
FORCED ABROAD: OVERSEAS WORKERS
Source: PSA, 2018
Key Characteristics of Agriculture in Developing Country
Low Labor Productivity
Labor productivity
(output per worker or
output per hour of
labor) is quite low in
most
developing countries.
To feed the additional
non labor population
will require higher
yields on land already
in agriculture or more
agricultural land.
Key Characteristics of Agriculture in Developing Country
High cost of
agricultural products
and large
percentage of
income is spent on
food.
The problem is not
mainly on the
availability of food but
on the high cost of
food items.
Key Characteristics of Agriculture in Developing Country
SMALL FAMIL
Y
FARM
S
amount of land that can
means the
“Small”
be farmed by a family
without relying much on
hired labor – perhaps
only 2 hectares in many
areas of developing
countries but over 1000
ha in many parts of the
US, Australia, Canada,
New Zealand, etc.
Key Characteristics of Agriculture in Developing Country
AGRICULTURAL GROWTH IS NECESSARY FOR
ECONOMIC GROWTH
nearly every high-income country has a highly productive
agricultural sector, and agricultural growth was in every case a
critical component of the process of economic growth.
Key Characteristics of Agriculture in Developing Country
LIMITED COMMERCIALIZATION
Small farms in developing countries tend to
produce
subsistence crops.
They tend to be much less specialized in the crops
developed countries and
Simply,
livestock products producedin than their countries
small farmers counterpartshave
in
developing comparatively limited
involvement in markets.
What is Subsistence Agriculture?
Subsistence Agriculture
involves food production mainly for the family
and local community rather than for market.
Farmers keep few if any livestock, often relying
on hunting and fishing for much of their food
supply.
Agriculture is the primary and often only source
of income for poor rural people, most of whom
depend on subsistence farming and fishing for
their livelihoods.
WHY DO WE NEED TO IMPROVE CROP PRODUCTION
WHY DO WE NEED TO IMPROVE CROP PRODUCTION
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH CENTERS
INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH CENTERS
INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH CENTERS
PRIVATE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH COMPANIES