Day 1
STATISTICS AND
PROBABILITY
Descriptive vs Inferential
Statistics
LEARNING
TARGETS:
explain the importance of
1 statistics by identifying at
least three real world
applications where statistics is
used
2 differentiate between
descriptive and inferential
statistics
MOTIVATION: GUESS THE
NUMBER!
Guess how many items are in
the jar. The student who gets
the correct answer will be
awarded.
DEFINITION OF
STATISTICS
Statistics is a branch TYPES OF STATISTICS
Descriptive Statistics
of applied
• descriptive Statistics, the
mathematics that Data or Collection Data are
involves the described in a summarized
way
collection,
Inferential Statistics
description, analysis, • used to interpret the
and inference of meaning of Descriptive
THINK ABOUT THIS ...
• How did you decide on your guess for the number of items in the
jar?
• What factors influenced your guess?
• How confident were you in your guess? Why?
• Did you think about using any strategies to improve your guess?
• How does making a guess relate to using statistics in real life?
• Why might making accurate guesses or predictions be important
in various fields, like business or science?
• How does knowing the actual number help us understand how
close or far off our guesses were?
• What can we learn from comparing our guesses to the actual
number? How might this relate to using data to make better
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
• Data is typically arranged and
displayed in tables or graphs
summarizing details such as
histograms, pie charts, bars or
scatter plots.
• Descriptive Statistics are just
descriptive and thus do not require
normalization beyond the Data
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
• "The average income in our
neighborhood is Php 500,000."
• "The average of the shoe sizes in
this store is size 8."
• "In our survey, 70% of participants
said they exercise regularly."
SCORES OF STUDENTS IN STATISTICS:
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AVERAGE: 13.2
STUDENT A B C D E F G H I J
SCORE OUT OF 20 16 16 18 9 10 8 16 12 13 14
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT AVERAGE: 16.8
STUDENT A B C D E F G H I J
SCORE OUT OF 20 20 20 20 9 12 20 15 20 14 18
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
• What does the average (mean) tell us about the data?
• How can knowing the average help us understand a group
of data points?
• Can you think of examples where you’ve seen averages
used, like in sports or school grades? How do they help in
understanding performance or trends?
• If we know the average, what does it tell us about the
whole group?
• Are there any situations where just knowing the average
might not give us the full picture?
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
• use the probability principle to assess
whether trends contained in the
research sample can be generalized to
the larger population from which the
sample originally comes.
• intended to test hypotheses and
investigate relationships between
variables and can be used to make
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
• "Based on our sample, we estimate that
75% of the city’s residents have access
to the internet."
• "From the data collected, we predict that
the average commute time for
employees in the city is about 30
minutes."
• "After surveying 200 voters, we infer
SCORES OF STUDENTS IN STATISTICS:
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AVERAGE: 13.2
STUDENT A B C D E F G H I J
SCORE OUT OF 20 16 16 18 9 10 8 16 12 13 14
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT AVERAGE: 16.8
STUDENT A B C D E F G H I J
SCORE OUT OF 20 20 20 20 9 12 20 15 20 14 18
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
• How can we use the information from a small group
(sample) to make guesses about a larger group?
• Why might we want to make predictions about a bigger
group based on just a few examples?
• What are some situations where we might need to make
predictions or guesses based on a sample of data?
• How can making these predictions be helpful in decision-
making?
• Why is it important to choose a good sample if we want to
make accurate predictions?
DESCRIPTIVE INFERENTIAL
• "The average income in our • "Based on our sample, we
neighborhood is Php estimate that 75% of the city’s
500,000." residents have access to the
• "The average of the shoe internet."
sizes in this store is size 8." • "From the data collected, we
• "In our survey, 70% of predict that the average commute
participants said they time for employees in the city is
exercise regularly." about 30 minutes."
• "After surveying 200 voters, we
infer that 55% of the population
INDICATE WHETHER IT REPRESENTS
DESCRIPTIVE (D) OR INFERENTIAL (I)
STATISTICS
D [Link] average test score of all students in this
I class is 85.
[Link] on a survey of 100 shoppers, we predict
I that 60% of customers will prefer the new
product.
D [Link] estimate that 70% of the city’s population will
D vote in the upcoming election, based on a poll of
500 residents.
DESCRIBE AND PREDICT
DESCRIBE the current topic
and PREDICT what the next
topic might be.
THANK YOU!
hello@[Link]
Let me know if m
you have 123-456-7890
questions or
123 Anywhere St., Any
clarifications.
City