CMOS Inverter
Static Characterstics
[Link](SGSITS Indore)
CMOS inverter and VTC Curve
• Vtn=0.5 V and Vtp= -0.5
• Vdd=2.5 V
• Vgsp= Vg- Vs= Vin-Vs= 0- 2.5= -2.5
• Vgsn= Vg-Vs= Vin-Vs=0-0 =0
• Vgsn= 0 ; Vgsp= -2.5
• Vdsp= Vout- Vdd; Vgsn= Vin- Vs=
• Vdsp = 2.5-2.4 =0.1,
• Vdsp> Vgsp – Vtp(linear region of PMOS)= 0> -2.0
• Vin= 0.6, Vgsn= Vg- Vs= 0.6-0= 0.6
• Vdsn = Vout –Vs= 2.4- 0= 2.4
• Vdsn > Vgsn- Vtn(Saturation of NMOS)
• 2.4 = 0.6-0.5 =0.1
• Vin= 2.0, Vout= 0.5; Vdsp= Vout-Vs= 0.5-
2.5= -2.0;
• Vgsp = Vin- Vs= 2.0-2.5=-0.5
• Vdsp= -2.0; Vgsp-Vtp= -0.5 –(-0.5)=0
• Vin =1.25 V, Vgsn= 1.25; Vdsn= 1.25-
0=1.25
• 1.25>0.75
• PMOS
• Vdsp= 1.25-2.5= -1.25, Vgsp= -1.25
• Vdsp< Vgsp- Vtp= -1.25 < -0.75
Advantages of CMOS invertor
• Zero static power consumption
• Full voltage swing
• Voltage transfer characteristics
• Vin =0, PMOS –on, NMOS-off
• Vtn= 0.5 V, Vtp= -0.5
• Vgsn > Vtn for on of NMOS
• Vgsp < Vtp for on of PMOS
• 0 < -0.5
Basic Equations governing the operation of MOS transistors
• Vds = o
• Vgs= -1.8
Terminal voltages
Various regions of CMOS invertor
Saturation region for NMOS and
PMOS transistor
Four Critical Voltages
Ideal characteristics of CMOS invertor
Noise margin
Noise Margin
• Low Noise Margin
Determinng VIL
Contd..
Contd…
Noise Marign
• Kr= (un Cox * W/L)p / (up Cox *W/L)n
Calculation noise margine of
cmos inverter