Swine
Artificial Insemination
PREPARED BY :
CHARLES JEFFERSON P. GERALDO
CONTENTS :
[Link]
a. Reason for using AI
II. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROCESS
a. Semen Collection
b. Semen Evaluation
a. Physical Evaluation
b. Microscopic Evaluation
III. SEMEN DELUTION
IV. HEAT DETECTION
V. ACTUAL INSEMINATION
1. INTRODUCTION
• The swine industry adopted the
use of AI, at lower pace compared
to the dairy industry.
• The industry has begun to re-
examine and realize the
importance of AI as a breeding
tool.
• AI has its own strength and
weaknesses, and it needs a lot of
practice to do it correctly in order
to maximize its potential.
1.1 REASON FOR USING ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
BOAR REPLACEMENT
• AI allows a greater degree of
choice of sire.
• Provides a complementary service
during periods of peak boar usage.
• Access to use top boars.
1.1 REASONS FOR USING ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
DISEASE CONTROL
• Fewer diseases are transmissible
through semen than through boars.
• AI stud boars are subjected to
much more stringent health
monitoring than in stock boars
1.1 REASON FOR USING ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
BREEDING STOCK
IMPROVEMENT
•
• Different terminal sires can be
experimented with to assess
their effect on growth rate,
grading and other parameters.
2. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROCESS
2.1 Semen Collection
When collecting semen for AI, the technician is responsible for providing a
suitable storage environment for the sperm cells.
2.3 SEMEN EVALUATION
Examine the semen promptly after it is collected inside the laboratory.
2.3 Physical Evaluation
Volume or Weight
Measurements
A normal boar ejaculates
150-250 mL .
Usual range is from 50 to 500
ml or 50 to 500 grams
(1 ml:1 grams).
2.3 Physical Evaluation
Smell
A clean ejaculate has a little odor.
An ejaculate that has been
contaminated with preputial fluid has
a very distinctive odor.
2.3 Physical Evaluation
COLOR
Color varies from grayish-white to
creamy white.
A reddish to brownish color
suggested blood contamination.
A yellowish ejaculate maybe due to
uterine contamination.
2.3 Microscopic Examination
Sperm Motility
Motility is a measure of the viability of
the semen.
A motility examination involves
assessing the proportion of the
sperms showing progressive forward
motion.
Microscopic Examination
Motility Scale
Sperm Morphology
• An important tool in determining the fertilizing capacity of the sperm cell.
A normal ejaculate can have the following defects:
The head is normally oval and flat. Different
shapes can be observed which can be
considered abnormal.
3. SEMEN DILUTION
3. Why is there a need to dilute?
• To extend the volume of the ejaculate, so that
more doses of semen produce.
• To provide sperm cells with an environment that
keeps them alive for a few days.
Several extenders can be used for boar semen to maintain storage life from 3 to
14 days.
3. Local Diluents
These are diluents that can be used for 1-2 days. They only increase the volume of
the sperm but do not necessarily prolonged sperm storage life.
3. Storage and handling of diluted semen
Storage of semen
The best way to store semen is in a temperature-controlled cabinet. Never store
semen in a refrigerator with a temperature of 2 - 8 or greater than 20 .
The shell life of the semen can be
prolonged by storing it at 16 – 17
3. Storage and handling of diluted semen
Handling of Semen
Semen dose should be transported and handled in a manner that protects the
semen from the temperature fluctuations and ultraviolet light.
Insulated container such as Styrofoam box
with cool packs or battery-operated
thermostatically-controlled box can be used
to transport semen.
4. HEAT DETECTION
The timing of insemination is a very important factor affecting fertilization
rate and overall success of AI. If sow/gilt inseminated too early or too late,
the result will be poor litter size and reduced farrowing rates.
Heat Detection can be done through:
Heat Detection can be done through:
Haunch pressure test
Done by approaching the sow/gilt from
behind and applying pressure on her
sides with both hands.
Heat Detection can be done
through:
Riding-the-back test
Done by riding on or pressing the back or
loin of the sow.
Heat Detection can be done through:
Sex odor aerosol test
With this technique sex odor aerosol is squeezed onto the snout of the sow.
With the boar’s synthetic pheromones,
the sow will just stand firm and remain
rigid if it is sexually receptive.
Heat Detection can be done through:
The teaser boar method
The boar is allowed to have a nose-to-
nose contact with the sow.
5. ACTUAL INSEMINATION
Important Tips before Insemination
1. 30 minutes before use, remove the
stored semen dose from AI ref.
2. Allow the semen to warm up.
3. Clean the sow’s/gilt’s vulva
4. If possible, nose to nose contact with a
boar, is essential during AI with the use
of pheromones produced by the boar.
Actual Insemination Techniques
1. Mimic some of the stimulation.
2. Lubricate the tip of the catheter with a
small amount of semen.
3. Catheter should only be removed from
its plastic cover immediately prior to
insertion.
4. Part the lips of the vulva and insert the
head of catheter into the vulva.
5. Gently push it forward and upwards at
an angle 45 into the reproductive tract.
6. Gently push the catheter through the
vagina.
Note: always use a new catheter on each sow.
5.2 Actual Insemination Techniques
7. Cut the tip of the semen bottle, and
fit into the catheter.
8. Sexual stimulation should be
continued to promote the contraction.
9. The catheter can be left in place to
assist stimulation.
10. Remove the catheter after 10
minutes.
11. Allow the sow to remain
undisturbed following insemination.
THANK YOU..!!