WELCOME
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it today.
WORK POWER AND ENERGY
• Work, energy and power are related to each other. Whenever
work is done, the object that does work loses energy and the
object on which work is done gains some energy. For
example, if we kick the ball, we lose some energy and the
ball gains an equal amount of energy. The concept of energy
and power is closely associated with concept of work. In this
lesson we will learn about work, power and energy.
WORK
Various types of activities such as playing, eating, ploughing, walking,
guarding, etc. done by us is said to be “work” in our daily life. But in
physics, work is quite different from daily life. In physics work means, a
force should act on the body and the body must be displaced in the
direction of the force applied force. If either of these conditions is not
satisfied, then work is not done.
The work is said to be done when the force, acting on the body produces
some displacement in the direction of the force. It must be remembered
that the work is a scalar quantity. Bigger units of work:
1 kilo joule(KJ)= Joules
1 mega-joule(MJ)= Joules
1 giga joule(GJ)= Joules
Unit of Work= Joule
In CGS system, unit of work is erg.
MATHEMATICAL PROVE FOR WORK
Suppose a body at ‘A’ acted upon by the force ‘F’ such that it gets displaced through the distance ‘s’
in the direction of force. If W is the work done then,
W …………….(i)
W …………….(ii)
By combining equation(i) and (ii)
W=K F …………(iii) (Where ‘K’ is the proportionally constant)
If a body is acted upon by a unit force, which causes a unit displacement, such that the work done is
also one unit then
1= K 1 1
Or, K= 1
Putting the value of K in equation (iii)
W= 1 F
W=F
Thus, mathematically, work is defined as the product of force and displacement in the
FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORCE
a) Magnitude of applied force: Clearly the work done is directly
proportional to force. Greater is the force greater is the work.
b) Magnitude of Displacement: Clearly the work done is
directly proportional to displacement. Greater is the
displacement greater is the work. We must know that, a force is
said to do work only if there is some displacement along the
direction of force.
CONDITIONS FOR NO WORK
No displacement, no work.
Example, man pushes the wall continuously for
30 minutes and gets exhausted.
A man pushes the wall.
The wall doesn't move.
Displacement= 0
Here, W=F x s
W=F x 0
W= 0
If the initial position is equal to the final position
the displacement becomes zero and the work
done is also zero.
• If the boy pushes the block up to 8m and from the 8m it pushes
the back to its initial position what is the work done by the boy?
8 meter
Displacement=Initial position-Final position
=0
Now, Work done= Force x displacement
= Force x 0
=0
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE WORK
• When force and displacement are in the same direction, the
work performed on an object is said to be positive work.
Example: When a body moves on the horizontal surface,
force and displacement act in the forward path. The work
is done in this case known as Positive work.
• Negative work is performed if the displacement is opposite to
the direction of the Force applied. Example: Work was done
the gravity on a rocket going perpendicular upwards.
TYPES OF WORK
Work against Friction
When a body covers certain distance on the surface of another body
by applying force then it is called work against friction. The applied
force is used to bring the body in motion against friction. The work
done in the horizontal line is called work against friction, for example
driving the car, running on the ground, playing the carom, etc.
Work against Gravity
Lifting a body vertically upward from the ground is called work done
against gravity. In lifting the body vertically upward from the ground,
we apply force against the force of gravity. Thus, it is called work
done against gravity. To calculate such types of work we can use the
following formula.
EXAMPLE OF WORK DONE AGAINST
GRAVITY
EXAMPLE OF WORK DONE AGAINST
FRICTION