Total Quality Management (TQM):
Focuses on continuous
improvement, customer
satisfaction, and employee
involvement. It promotes a
culture where everyone in the
organization is responsible for
quality.
• ISO 9001: QUALITY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
•An international standard that specifies requirements for a
quality management system (QMS). It emphasizes customer
satisfaction, process approach, and continual improvement.
•Published
initially in 1987, ISO 9001 is the first international
management system standard (MSS) that specifies the
requirements for the establishment, implementation, operation,
maintenance, and continual improvement of a quality
management system (QMS) in an organization.
Six Sigma: A data-driven
methodology aimed at reducing
defects and improving processes
by identifying and eliminating
causes of variation. It uses
statistical tools and techniques
to achieve high levels of quality
•The etymology is based on the Greek
symbol "sigma" or "σ," a statistical term
for measuring process deviation from the
process mean or target. "Six Sigma"
comes from the bell curve used in
statistics, where one Sigma symbolizes a
single standard deviation from the mean.
If the process has six Sigmas, three above
and three below the mean, the defect
rate is classified as "extremely low."
The two main Six Sigma methodologies are
DMAIC and DMADV. Each has its own set of
recommended procedures to be implemented
for business transformation.
DMAIC . It is the acronym for the five phases: D
– Define, M – Measure, A – Analyse, I – Improve,
C – Control. DMAIC is applied in the
manufacturing of a product or delivery of a
service.
Five phases of DMADV are: D – Define, M –
Measure, A – Analyse, D – Design, V –
Validate.
DMADV is employed when existing processes
do not meet customer conditions, even after
optimization, or when it is required to
develop new methods. It is executed by Six
Sigma Green Belts and Six Sigma Black Belts
and under the supervision of Six Sigma
The 5S System
This technique has its roots in the Japanese principle of
workplace energies. The 5S System is aimed at removing waste
and eliminating bottlenecks from inefficient tools, equipment, or
resources in the workplace. The five steps used are Seiri (Sort),
Seiton (Set In Order), Seiso (Shine), Seiketsu (Standardize), and
Shitsuke (Sustain).
Kaizen (Continuous Improvement)
The Kaizen technique is a powerful strategy that powers a
continuous engine for business improvement. It is the practice
continuously monitoring, identifying, and executing
improvements. This is a particularly useful practice for the
manufacturing sector. Collective and ongoing improvements
ensure a reduction in waste, as well as immediate change
•Lean Manufacturing:
•Focuses on maximizing
value by minimizing waste
and improving process
efficiency. Lean principles
aim to streamline
operations and deliver
higher value to customers.
The method, also known as lean
production or just-in-time production
(JIT), dates back to the late 1940s
when Toyota developed its operating
model called Toyota Production
System (TPS). Later on, in 1988, John
Krafcik established the term “lean”.
•Lean vs. Six Sigma
•The difference between Lean and Six Sigma
lies in the different approaches they use to
achieve their goals. While Lean focuses on
removing waste from a process and achieving
improvement, Six Sigma seeks to identify and
remove causing issues by using more statistical
and graphical tools.
•The Capability Maturity Model
Integration (CMMI) is a quality
framework designed to improve
organizational processes and
capabilities. It provides a structured
approach for managing and
enhancing processes in various
domains such as software
development, systems engineering,
and service delivery. CMMI helps
organizations to achieve higher
performance and quality through
systematic process improvement.