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Visual Acuity
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What is Visual Acuity?..
Resolving power of the eye.
OR
The ability to separate two objects as separate.
6/6 is normal visual acuity measuredat the distance
of 6 meters.
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Uses
Visual function
Refractive status
Outcome measure for a treatment
Medico legal purpose
Criteria for: person fitness to drive, or ability to enter into a
certain profession
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Visual Angle
The angle
subtended at the
nodal point of the
eye by physical
dimensions of an
object in visual
field.
Depends upon;
1. Distance.
2. Size of object.
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Components of Visual Acuity
Minimum Detectable (visible).
Minimun Seperable (resolution).
Minimum Cognizable (recognition).
Minimum Discriminable (hyperacuity).
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Minimum Detectable:
Ability to determine whether or not an object is present in visual
field.
The limit for this visual acuity is ~ 1 minute of arc.
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Minimum Seperable:
Discrimination of two spatially seperated targets.
Normal angular thershold of discrimination for resolution 30-60
seconds of an arc. (minimum angle of resolution).
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Minimum Cogniziable:
Not only discrimination of the spatial characteristics of the
pattern but also the pattern with which they have previous
experience.
Identification of faces, letters, symbols, pictures etc.
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Minimum Discriminable:
Ability to determine whether or not two parallel and straight lines
are aligned in the frontal plane.
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Factors affecting Visual Acuity
Overall
Illumination of test object.
Contrast of letters.
Pupil Size.
Congnitive Ability.
Ocular Health.
Refractive Status.
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Physical factor
Those which influence the light characteristics of the
distribution and hence influence the nature of retinal
image.
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Physiological factor
Stimulus related Observer related
Luminance of test object. Retinal locus of stimulation.
Geometrical configuration. Pupil size
Contrast difference of Accomodation.
stimulus from background.
Effect of eye movement.
Exposure duration of
Optical elements of eye.
stimulus.
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Snellen’s Distance Acuity Chart
Tumbling E chart.
Landolt C chart.
LogMAR chart.
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Near Acuity Charts
Jaeger’s chart.
Roman test types.
Snellen’s near-vision
test types.
Lea near-vision cards.
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Thank you..