PRAYER
S
ATTENDANC
E MATTERS
NUTRITION TOOLS,
STANDARDS &
GUIDELINES NUTRIENT
RECOMMENDATIONS
LECTURER : ROCHIEL B. GABARDA, RND
DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES (DRIs)
◦ ESTIMATED AVERAGE REQUIREMENT (EAR)- a nutrient intake value that is
estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group.
◦ RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE (RDA) - the average daily dietary intake
level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent)
healthy individuals in a group.
◦ ADEQUATE INTAKE (AI) - a value based on observed or experimentally determined
approximations of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of healthy people—used when
an RDA cannot be determined.
◦ TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS (UL) - the highest level of daily nutrient intake
that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the
general population. As intake increases above the UL, the risk of adverse effects
increases.
DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES (DRIs)
The development of DRIs expands on the periodic reports
called Recommended Dietary Allowances, which have been published since 1941
by the National Academy of Sciences. It is expected that as additional groups of
nutrients and food components are reviewed over the next few years, the process
and initial models developed will evolve and be further refined. As new information or
processes develop, reference intakes will be periodically reassessed in keeping with
this evolving process.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the
nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a particular gender and life stage group (life stage
considers age and, when applicable, pregnancy or lactation).
Process for Setting the RDA
The process for setting the RDA depends on being able to set an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). That is, the
RDA is derived from the nutrient requirement so if an EAR cannot be set, no RDA will be set. The EAR is the daily intake value
of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the nutrient requirement of half the healthy individuals in a life stage and gender
group. Before setting the EAR, a specific criterion of adequacy is selected, based on a careful review of the literature. When
selecting the criterion, reduction of disease risk is considered along with many other health parameters. The RDA is set at the
EAR plus twice the standard deviation (SD) if known (RDA = EAR + 2 SD); if data about variability in requirements are
insufficient to calculate an SD, a coefficient of variation for the EAR of 10 percent is ordinarily assumed (RDA = 1.2 x EAR).
The RDA for a nutrient is a value to be used as a goal for dietary intake by healthy individuals. The RDA is not
intended to be used to assess the diets of either individuals or groups or to plan diets for groups.
Adequate Intake
The Adequate Intake (AI) is set instead of an RDA if sufficient scientific
evidence is not available to calculate an EAR. The AI is based on observed or
experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of
healthy people. For example, the AI for young infants, for whom human milk is the
recommended sole source of food for the first 4 to 6 months, is based on the daily
mean nutrient intake supplied by human milk for healthy, full-term infants who are
exclusively breastfed. The main intended use of the AI is as a goal for the nutrient
intake of individuals. Other uses of AIs will be considered by another expert group.
EAR –estimated average requirement
RDA – recommended dietary allowance
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no
risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increases above the
UL, the risk of adverse effects increases. The term tolerable intake was chosen to avoid implying a possible
beneficial effect. Instead, the term is intended to connote a level of intake that can, with high probability, be
tolerated biologically. The UL is not intended to be a recommended level of intake. There is no established
benefit for healthy individuals if they consume nutrient intakes above the RDA or AI. (adequate intake)
ULs are useful because of the increased interest in and availability of fortified foods and the increased
use of dietary supplements. ULs are based on total intake of a nutrient from food, water, and supplements if
adverse effects have been associated with total intake. However, if adverse effects have been associated with
intake from supplements or food fortificants only, the UL is based on nutrient intake from those sources only, not
on total intake. The UL applies to chronic daily use.
For many nutrients, there are insufficient data on which to develop a UL. This does not mean that there
is no potential for adverse effects resulting from high intake. When data about adverse effects are extremely
limited, extra caution may be warranted.
DIETARY GUIDELINES & FOOD
GUIDES
Provides customizable framework for
healthy eating that can be tailored &
USDA FOOD GUIDE
adapted to meet personal preferences,
cultural traditions, and budgetary
considerations.
The Philippines uses the daily nutritional guide pyramid & has
MY PYRAMID
developed pyramids for different population groups. The
pyramid is divided into levels of recommended consumption.
Messages about exercise & personal & environmental hygiene
seve as support messages for the pyramid.
This is a user friendly tool which was
developed to help individuals, aid
FOOD EXCHANGE LIST
healthy eating habits & follow a specific
diet plan. This may be helpful
supplementary strategy to help patient
to prevent and manage non-
communicable disease such as diabetes
& renal.
FOOD EXCHANGE LIST
Food Exchange list for :
RENAL EXCHANGE LIST – the DIABETIC EXCHANGE LIST – this tool is an
focus is not on controlling excellent way to help maintain a healthy
calories & carbohydrates, but weight or lose weight of people with
rather on reflecting the protein, diabetes. It makes it easy to control how
potassium and phosporous many calories and the amount of fat you
content. Milk, cream and yogurt consume.
category is used for buttermilk,
light cream, half and half, yogurt,
and fluid.
FOOD LABELS
NUTRITIONAL GUIDELINES for FILIPINOS
PINGANG PINOY
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
LABORATORY ACTIVITY
INSTRUCTIONS :
EACH GROUP WILL DISCUSS INFRONT OF THE CLASS ON THE
DIFFERENCES ABOUT THEIR RESEARCH ON DIFFERENT FOOD
PYRAMID AND PINGANG PINOY FOR EACH SPECIFIC GROUPS.