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Course Code: BAC 7
Course Title: BUSINESS RESEARCH
1
Instructor: ZIEDWRICK A . DICAR
1st Semester | SY: 2022-2023
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
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What is a Literature
Review?
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Review of Related Literature
• An exhaustive exposition of the literature that a researcher
consulted in order to understand and investigate his or her
research problem.
• Provides important data or input into the research process
as it provides the researcher a source of materials with
which to revise one's problem, topic, and hypotheses and an
informed source for writing one's methodology.
• Provides important inputs into the discussion of the research
findings.
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Parts of Review of Related Home
Literature
• Introductory Paragraph
• Review of literature
Related Literature
Related Studies
• Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
• Research Hypotheses
• Operational definition
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Purpose of a Literature Review
• Use the literature to explain
your research.
• Show why your research
needs to be carried out
(justification).
• Show how you choose to
work with specific
methodologies or theories.
• Show how your work adds
to the research already
carried out.
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Components
• Synthesis of up-to-date
research findings.
• Review of strengths and
weaknesses of prior studies
• Critique of literature in light
of any controversial
methodological decisions to
be made.
• Discussion of theoretical or
conceptual framework of
study
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Three things must be done in the Home
review:
1. It should make a critical evaluation of the studies
and examine the appropriateness of their research
designs to the present study.
2. It should show how the methodology of the
previous study is replicated, modified, or improved
in the present study.
3. It should show how the present study will
contribute to existing literature and studies.
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Tips on How to Write a Good Literature
Review
Plan your writing
• Find a way to organize
your material so that
you know what you are
going to write about, in
what order, and what
you are going to say.
• Try writing an outline.
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Think of these questions when you are
planning your literature review:
What did they do?
How did they do it?
What population, strategy, method, and
measures did they use?
What did they do wrong?
What did they find out?
What are the inherent
weaknesses/strengths of the strategies,
methods? measures?
How (if at all) did the researchers
mitigate/ address the weaknesses? (Did
they acknowledge the weaknesses?).
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Tips on How to Write a Good Literature Home
Review
Read with a purpose
• Decide which ideas or
information are important to
your research.
• Look for the major
concepts, conclusions,
theories, and arguments
that underlie the literature.
• Look for similarities and
differences with closely
related work.
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Tips on How to Write a Good Literature
Review
Write with a purpose
• Your optimal goal should
be to evaluate and show
relationships between
past research and your
own.
• To do this effectively, you
should carefully plan how
you are going to organize
your work.
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Tips on How to Write a Good Literature
Review
Prioritize your writing
• Don't be overly concerned
about language. Concentrate
on what you are going to say.
• Don't put too much effort into
proofreading until you are sure
that what you want to write is
the best you can come up with.
• Once the content is sufficiently expressed, you can
work on grammar, syntax, punctuation, spelling, etc.
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Tips on How to Write a Good Literature
Review
Write and rewrite
• More experienced writers
rewrite more often.
• Good writing takes time.
• Give yourself time to
rewrite so that your
readers see the best of
your thoughts.
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Tips on How to Write a Good Literature
Review
Find readers
• Ask people to read what you've written.
• Don't expect your writing to be perfect, but strive for
perfection.
• Give people drafts and let
them know what sort of
feedback you want (e.g.,
comments on organization,
ideas, language, or the
technical aspects of what
you've written).
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Tips on How to Write a Good Literature
Review
• Writing is similar to the
traditional 5-paragraph
essay (intro/ body/
conclusion)
Sentences should
be connected
Paragraphs should
be connected
Use transitional
words and phrases
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Avoiding Plagiarism
“If you write something that
leads your professor to ask
‘Who said that? or ‘Where
did that come from?’ it
needs to be cited.”
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Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
• The researcher should
present and analyses an
existing knowledge or
theories that relate to or
underlie his/her problem
or interest.
• What is the theoretical foundation?
• What do humans know so far?
• What is the basis for speculating possible solution to
the problem at hand?
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Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
• Such theoretical or conceptual foundation should
provide an explanation for the relationship among
variables involved in your problem.
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Research Hypothesis
What are hypotheses?
• They are tentative, intelligent guesses posited for
the purpose of directing one's thinking and action
towards the solution of a problem (Selamat 2008).
• Hypotheses are derivable from theory and they
serve as means through which theories are
validated, revised or invalidated through research
(Glassman 2007).
• They guide the rest of the study especially in terms
of the literature to be reviewed, research design
and methodology, data analysis procedure,
research findings, etc.
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Research Hypothesis
The questions here are:
• What are your intelligent or informed (by analysis of
related theory) guesses or speculations as to the
solution to your problem?
• What are the scientific research speculations
through which you hope to find solutions to your
problems? Be very concrete and clear and state
each hypothesis in terms of observable behavior
allowing for empirical testing and evaluation of the
implications?
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Operational Definition
• List and define conceptually unusual terms or
acronyms to avoid misinterpretations particularly
where they have different meanings to different
people.
• If such definitions are based on new instruments
developed for the study, the operational definitions
should come after the development of such
instrument in section/ chapter three.
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THANK YOU !