7
Chapter
Secondary
Storage
Chapter 7
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Learning Objectives
1. Distinguish between primary and secondary storage.
2. Identify the important characteristics of secondary storage, including media,
capacity, storage devices, and access speed.
3. Describe hard-disk platters, tracks, sectors, cylinders, and head crashes.
4. Compare internal and external hard drives.
5. Compare performance enhancements including disk caching, RAID, file
compression, and
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file decompression.
6. Define optical storage including compact discs, digital versatile discs, and Blu-
ray discs.
7. Define solid-state storage, including solid-state drives, flash memory cards, and
USB drives.
8. Define cloud storage and cloud storage services.
9. Describe mass storage, mass storage devices, enterprise storage systems, and
storage area networks.
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Introduction
Data storage has expanded from text
and numeric files to include digital
music files, photographic files, video
files, and much more.
These new types of files require
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secondary storage devices with much
greater capacity.
In this chapter, you learn about the
many types of secondary storage
devices including their capabilities and
limitations.
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Storage
Primary storage is:
Volatile storage
Loses content when the computer loses power
Temporary storage
Random Access Memory (RAM)
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Secondary storage is:
Nonvolatile storage
Stores programs and data regardless of power
Permanent storage
Permanently saves information for future use
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Secondary Storage Characteristics
Secondary storage characteristics
Media
Physical materials that holds data and programs
Capacity
How much the media can hold
Storage devices
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Hardware that reads data and programs
Access speed
Amount of time required to retrieve data from storage
Writing is the process of saving information to storage
Reading is the process of accessing information from
storage
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Hard Disks
Save files by altering the magnetic charges of the disk’s surface to
represent 1s and 0s
Use rigid, metallic platters that are stacked one on top of one another
Store and organize files using tracks, sectors, and cylinders
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How charges on a disk surface store the letter A Tracks and Sectors
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Head Crash
Occurs when read-write head
makes contact with the hard
disk’s surface or with particles
on its surface
Disastrous
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Types of Hard Disks
Internal
Located inside the system unit
Used to store programs and data files
You should perform routine
maintenance and periodically backup
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all important files
External
Removable
Used to complement internal hard disk
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Performance Enhancements
There are 3 ways to enhance performance.
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Solid-State Storage
Solid–state devices (SSDs) have no moving parts
Solid-state drives
Faster and more durable than hard disks
Access to slash memory or solid state storage
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Flash memory cards
Widely used in laptops, smartphones, GPS
navigation systems
USB Drives (or Flash Drives)
Connect to USB port
Capacity of 1 GB to 256 GB
Portable
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Optical Discs
Hold over 128 gigabytes (GB) of
data
Use reflected light to represent
data
Lands represent 1s and 0s on the disc
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Pits are bumpy areas on the disc that,
when light is reflected, determine the
1s and 0s
Use tracks and sectors to organize
and store files but only use a single
track unlike the hard drive
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Optical Disc Types
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Optical Disc Formats
Type Access Description
CD-ROM Compact disc – read only mode Cannot be written to or erased
CD-R Compact disc – recordable Can be written to
CD-RW Compact disc – rewritable Can be written to and erasable
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Cloud Storage
The Internet acts as a “cloud”
of servers
Applications provided as a
service rather than a product
Supplied by servers that
provide cloud storage or online
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storage
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Cloud Storage Services
Benefits / Advantages Disadvantages
• Maintenance • Access speed
• Hardware upgrades • File Security
• File sharing and collaboration
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Cloud Storage Service Companies
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Making IT Work for You ~ Cloud
Storage
Using a cloud storage service makes it easy to upload and
share files with anyone.
Starting Dropbox Dropbox Sharing Dropbox
Step 1 Step 2
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Mass Storage Devices
To meet the needs of organizations
requiring large amounts of
secondary storage requirements
Enterprise storage system
Safe use of data across an
organizational network
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Devices include:
File servers
Networked attached storage (NAS)
RAID systems
Organizational cloud storage
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Storage Area Network (SAN)
Architecture to link remote computer storage
devices
Enterprise storage systems can be connected to
Computers to provide local system access
User’s computer provides file system, but SAN
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provides disk space
House data in remote locations and still allow
efficient and secure access
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
Careers In IT
Disaster recovery specialists are responsible for
recovering systems and data after a disaster
strokes
General employer requirements
Bachelors or associates degree in
computer science or information systems
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Experience in the field and skills in networking,
security and DBA
Communication and skills and be able to handle high-
sress situations
Annual salary of $70 K to $88 K
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posted on a website, in whole or part.
A Look to the Future ~ Next Generation
Storage
At some point, hard
drives will no longer be
able to keep up
Looking at ways of
increasing capacity
without increasing size
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Currently hard drive
maxes out at 128 GB per
square inch.
New technologies may
advance this to 6.25 TG
(6,250 GB) per square
inch.
© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or
posted on a website, in whole or part.
Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 2)
1. Compare primary storage and secondary storage, and discuss
the most important characteristics of secondary storage.
2. Discuss hard disks including density, platters, tracks, sectors,
cylinders, head crashes, internal, external, and performance
Computing Essentials 2017
enhancements.
3. Discuss solid-state storage including solid-state drives, flash
memory, and USB drives.
© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or
posted on a website, in whole or part.
Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2)
4. Discuss optical disks including pits, lands, CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray,
and hi def.
Computing Essentials 2017
5. Discuss cloud computing and cloud storage.
6. Describe mass storage devices including enterprise storage
systems, file servers, network attached storage, RAID systems,
organizational cloud storage, and storage area network systems.
© 2017 by McGraw-Hill Education. This proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or
posted on a website, in whole or part.