The Open Educational Resource
College Public Speaking Textbook
Chapter 6:
Organizing/Outlining This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Your Speech
Exploring Public Speaking, v. 4.1 (2020)
Chapter 6 Learning Objectives
• Explain why ORGANIZATION IS NECESSARY AND VALUABLE to public
speaking;
• Differentiate the DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS;
• Choose an organizational pattern that is MOST LOGICAL to the speech’s specific
purpose;
• Construct an outline for an EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH;
• Create CONNECTIVE STATEMENTS that will help the audience understand the
logic and structure of a speech.
Outline Of Topics
• Why We NEED ORGANIZATION in
speeches
• PATTERNS of ORGANIZATION
Chapter 6 • CONNECTIVE STATEMENTS
• OUTLINING
Overview
Why Do We Need Organization in
Speeches?
We can ONLY HOLD Categories of You will appear to be
SO MANY THOUGHTS information should be MORE CREDIBLE
in our mind DISTINCT, DIFFERENT
So, have 3-5 main points.
at one time AND CLEAR.
Any more is "too much".
Find patterns and connections of data and
research
Avoid having too many points in a speech. Have
3-5 and no more than that.
The “Chunk” into 5 or fewer number of main groups
(main ideas)
Importan
ce of Organized speakers gain credibility and audience
will understand and retain better
Grouping
INFORMATIVE Speech
Organizational Patterns
Topical/Parts Cause And
Chronological Spatial
Of The Whole Effect
• Highly used • Refers to • The most "ALL • Refers to speeches
organizational MOVEMENT IN PURPOSE" FORM about CAUSES,
structure SPACE OR • Used for concepts origins, roots,
• Refers to TIME DIRECTION--like like types/kinds of, foundations, basis,
ORDER maps or layouts or varieties, categories grounds, source OR
• Can be used for long- layers or parts, divisions, EFFECTS, results,
term or short-term • Must be presented units, characteristics outcomes,
processes logically • Consider strongest consequences
Problem-Solution
Problem-Solution
Once you explain the problem, you convince your
When you identify a problem, explain the solution.
audience of the best solution.
Problem-Cause-Solution
Similar to above but also discusses the cause of the
Problem-Cause-Solution
PERSUASIV problem.
A variation of the above that also explains cause.
E
Organizatio Monroe's Motivated Sequence
Follows specific pattern of attention, need, solution,
nal Patterns
visualization and action.
Additional Organizational
Principles
Main points must be You can use MORE Use FULL SENTENCES
RELATIVELY EQUAL in THAN ONE AND PARALLELISM.
emphasis, value and ORGANIZATIONAL Make sure others can
time spent. PATTERN--one for understand your
main points; points.
Order of
Speech
Development
1. Create the BODY of your
speech FIRST
2. THEN, create you
INTRODUCTION,
CONCLUSION and
CONNECTIVES
Connectiv
es Phrases or sentences that
CONNECT PARTS OF THE SPEECH
AND SHOW RELATIONSHIPS
between them
Perform a number of FUNCTIONS:
• Reminding
• Forecasting
• Explaining logic
• Keeping attention
Internal summaries or previews
Emphasize what was just covered and what is upcoming
Transitions
"Now that we have talked about X, let's look at Y."
Types of
Connectiv Signposts
First, second, next, last...
es
(often Bridging statements
interchangeable) Psychologically moves the audience through the speech
Guidelines on
Connectives
They are They might You should VARY them
only to be a plan for
connect, NOT SENTENCE them and
PROVIDE OR TWO NOT AD LIB
Sometimes, your You probably want Your instructor may Don't use the same
EVIDENCE
subpoints may need more than just one or want them on your one each time
them two words outline
Follow your instructor's design for
the outline.
Outlining is the blueprint of what
you will present; it's the plan for
practicing and giving the speech.
There are two types of outlines:
• PREPARATION--the blueprint
• SPEAKING OUTLINES (note cards) Outlining
More To Consider
• Listen to a speech by a professional
speaker, such as a TED Talk, and see if
you can detect their structure and use
of transitions. Then talk about how they
help (or don’t) your understanding and
Think About retention of what they say.
It!
Please message
your instructor
with any
questions!
THAT CONCLUDES CHAPTER 6!