MATHEMATICS 8
AUGUST 7, 2024
Learning Competencies:
1. Factors completely different types of polynomials (polynomials with common monomial factor,
difference of two squares, sum and difference of two cubes, perfect square trinomials, and general
trinomials). M8AL-Ia-b-1
At the end of the lesson, you are expected
to:
A. identify polynomials which is a perfect square
trinomial;
B. demonstrate the process in finding the factors
of a perfect square trinomial; and
C. willingness to help others and patience of
work.
Factoring a Perfect
Square Trinomial
What is a perfect square trinomial?
A perfect square trinomial
is the result of squaring a binomial.
A perfect square trinomial has first
and last terms which are perfect
squares and a middle term which is
twice the product of the square root
of the first and last terms.
To factor perfect square trinomials:
1. Get the square root of the first and last terms.
2. List down the square root as sum/difference of two
terms as the case may be.
You can use the following relationships to factor perfect
square trinomials:
(First term)2 + 2(First term)(Last term) + (Last term)2 =
(First term + Last term)2
(First term)2 - 2(First term)(Last term) + (Last term)2 = (First
term - Last term)2
Remember to factor out first the greatest common
monomial factor before factoring the perfect square
trinomial.
Example 3. Factor n2 + 16n + 64
Solution: Following the relationships to factor perfect square
trinomials,
(First term)2 + 2(First term)(Last term) + (Last term)2 =
(First term + Last term)2
( n )2 + 2( n )( 8 ) + ( 8 )2
= ( n + 8 )2
Thus, the factor of n2 + 16n + 64 is (n + 8)2.
Discussion:
a. Since n2 = (n)2 and 64 = (8)2, then both the first and last terms
are perfect squares. And 2(n)(8)=16n, then the given expression
is a perfect square trinomial.
b. The square root of the first term is n and the square root of the
last term is 8. The polynomial is factored as (n+8)2.
Example 4. Factor 4r2 – 12r + 9
Solution: Following the relationships to factor pertect square
trinomial,
(First term)2 - 2(First term)(Last term) + (Last term)2 =
(First term - Last term)2
( 2r )2 - 2( 2r )( 3 ) +
( 3 )2 = ( 2r – 3 )2
Thus, the factor of 4r2 – 12r + 9 is (2r - 3 )2.
Discussion:
a. Since 4r2 = (2r)2 and 9 = (3)2, then both the first and last terms
are perfect squares. And 2(2r)(3)=12r, then the given expression
is a perfect square trinomial.
b. The square root of the first term is 2r and the square root of the
last term is 3. The polynomial is factored as (2r - 3)2.
Find the factors of the following:
1. m2 + 12m + 36
2. 49x2 – 84x + 36
3. 18 + 12 + 2h
4. 75 + 30+ 3
5.