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Continuity Equation for Fluid Flow

Fluid Mechanics Masters Studies

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Shahid khan
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33 views10 pages

Continuity Equation for Fluid Flow

Fluid Mechanics Masters Studies

Uploaded by

Shahid khan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Continuity Equation

The Continuity Equation in Differential Form is written as:


 u  v  w 
   0
x y z t
u v w
    V  0
For Incompressible
and Steady Flow
x y z
u v
  0 For 2-D
x y
v u
  0 Irrotational Flow
x y
  2
  2
 2  2
 0   0
x y x y
1
x 2
y 2
Example #1
Velocity field in the xy plane V = a i + bx j, with a = 2 m s-1, b = 1 s-1;
coordinates are measured in meters. Find Equation for streamline
through (x, y) = (2,5)
Solution
dy v dy b x
 
For a stream line
dx u dx a
streamline

a x 2
a 1 2
xdx  dy  yC y  x C
b 2 b 4

Evaluating C at (2, 5) C = 4 m 1 2
Streamline through (2, 5)
y  x 4
4 2
Example #2
An incompressible flow is defined by u = 2x and v = -2y. Find the stream
function and potential function for this flow.
Solution u v
Check Continuity   22  0
x y
Hence continuity equation is satisfied, and it is possible for a Stream Function to
exist:
dψ = -vdx + u dy = 2y dx + 2x dy
ψ = 4xy + C1 v u
  0-0  0
Check to see if the flow is irrotational:
x y
Hence the flow is irrotational, and a potential function exists:
dϕ = - u dx - v dy = -2x dx + 2y dy
ϕ = - (x2-y2) + C2
Letting ψ = 0 and ϕ = 0 pass through the origin, we get C1 = C2 = 0 3
Example #3
Determine the stream function given u = 2x + y and v = x – 2y

4
Example #4 The flow field of a fluid is given by

ˆ ˆ 
2 ˆ
V  xyi  2 yzj  yz  z k 
Show that it represents a possible three-dimensional incompressible
flow. Also verify whether the flow is rotational or irrotational. If
rotational, then determine at a point : (a) angular velocity; (b) vorticity.

Solution
u  xy, v  2 yz , 
w   yz  z 2 
Here
u v w
 y,  2 z,    y  2z 
x y y
∂z

u v w
Thus, by Continuity Equation,    0 is satisfied
x y z

Hence, the given flow field represents a Steady Incompressible Flow.


5
Now
u v u v
 x,  0 i.e. 
y x y x
Therefore, the given flow is Rotational.

The Angular Velocity can be written as, iˆ ˆj kˆ


1   
   V 
2 x y z
xy 
2 yz  yz  z 2 
1 1 1
   z  2 y  ˆ
i   
0 ˆ
j    x  kˆ
2 2 2


Angular Velocity at  2, 4, 6  ,    1 14iˆ  2kˆ
2


Vorticity at 2, 4, 6  ,   2   14iˆ  2k
ˆ  6
Example #5
Given that u = x2 – y2 and v = -2 x y, determine the stream function
and potential function for the flow.

7
φ

8
Problem #14.4.1
The flow of an incompressible fluid is defined by u = 2, v = 8
x. Does a stream function exist for this flow? If so, determine
the expression for the stream function.

9
Problem #14.6.3
For the following stream function, determine if a potential function
exists, find the potential function if it does, and determine if the
Laplace equation in ϕ is satisfied.

10

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