Prepared by: L.S.
Antolin
Science Teacher
Review: Module 2
MATTER
Classified into
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
Is either Is either
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixture Mixture Compound Element
(solution)
Colloids Suspensions Non-Metal Metal
Acid Base Semi- Metal
Courtesy Christy Johannesson [Link]/communicationsarts/pages/chem
ELEMENTS
ELEMENTS are made up of atom or atoms of the same kind.
They are the simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down into
components by chemical or physical means.
Compounds
Compounds are chemical combination of two or more elements.
Compounds can be broken down into its components through a
chemical process and formed when two elements are combined.
Nutrition Facts
Compounds and
its Constituent Elements
Pure Substance
The smallest unit of matter.
A pure substance that has a fixed chemical composition
throughout such as water, air, and nitrogen.
A pure substance does not have to be of a single element
or compound. A mixture of two or more phases of a pure
substance is still a pure substance as long as the chemical
composition of all phases is the same.
Pure substances have specific(fixed) melting
and boiling points
Melting point is the temperature at which a
solid changes into a liquid.
Boiling point is the temperature at which a
liquid changes into a gas.
Example:
Separating Technique for the Component of A Pure Substance
Electrolysis carried
out under
discontinuous
conditions of power
supply (e.g., as the
cell is powered by
solar cells).
From: Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources,
2009
Fact:
• Note how different the properties are of hydrogen and
oxygen from water. Hydrogen burns and oxygen
supports burning while water extinguishes fire.
Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature; so is oxygen.
Water, on the other hand, is a liquid at room
temperature.
• The compound (in this case, water) that is composed of
elements (in this case, hydrogen and oxygen) has
properties that are distinctly different from the
elements. In other words, when elements combine to
form compound, a different substance is formed.
Mixture
A mixture is a physical combination of two or more
substances. The components of a mixture which could
either be solid, liquid or gaseous phases, can be of any
proportions.
they do not have well defined specific properties.
Mixtures melt and boil over a range of temperatures.
Some Properties of Mixture
Decantation
• Decanting is done to
separate particulates
from a liquid by
allowing the solids to
settle to the bottom of
the mixture and
pouring off the
particle-free part of
the liquid.
Distillation
Distillation
is used to separate a soluble solid
solute from a liquid solvent.
Hot liquid Condensing arm
solvent
vapors
Pure solvent
Solution of a
Pure solid
solid dissolved in
solute remains
a liquid
Filtration
is also used to separate an insoluble
solid from an soluble solid.
Funnel with
filter paper
Soluble solid dissolved
Insoluble solid
in the solvent and trapped in
dripping through filter paper
Other Separating Techniques
The components of a solid-solid mixture
can be separated by hand picking.
This is only useful when the particles are
large enough to be seen clearly.
For example
• separating pebbles from rice or dal,
• separating grass from mint leaves, and
• separating parts of a salad.
Winnowing
In Winnowing the mixture is allowed to
fall from a height.
The lighten components get separated
from the heavier ones because of wind
or air blow.
This method is used to separate lighter
husk from heavier Grains like wheat.
Sieving
Sieving is used to separate a dry mixture
which contains substances of different sizes
by passing it through a sieve.
Magnetic Attraction
Magnetic Attraction
is a process in which
magnetically
susceptible material
is extracted from a
mixture using a
magnetic force.
Evaporation
Evaporation is a process in which a liquid
changes into gaseous form on heating.
Allowing the liquid to evaporate, leaving
the soluble solid behind.
Crystallization
Crystallization is a process which separates
a pure solid in the form of its crystals
from a saturated solution.
Centrifuging
•Centrifuges rotate containers of
liquids to separate suspended
materials with different densities.
•Centrifuges separate different components
of human blood or milk and to clarify
solutions. A high speed separator can
rotate at great speed to separate fat
(cream) from milk.
•The spin drier in washing machines is a
type of centrifuge that throws out the
liquid by the "centrifugal force" of the
rotation.
Paper Chromatography used to separate
out one color from a mixture of colors.
Paper Chromatography
Chromatography
Tie-dye t-shirt
Black pen ink
DNA testing
Tomb of Unknown Soldiers
Crime scene
Paternity testing
Extraction
• Extraction is used to isolate natural
products from plant and animal
tissues in water solutions.
• A solvent which is water immiscible,
like ether, is used as extracting
solvent.
• Extraction is carried out in a
separatory funnel.
What are the different ways
of separating mixtures?
Pure Substances Mixture
Made of identical particles Made of non-identical particles
Have definite set of properties Don’t have definite set of
All particles are the same all properties(homogeneous or
throughout(uniform) heterogeneous)
Made of two or more substances
Made of atoms of two or more
elements combined chemically that are combined physically
Can be separated by physical
Cannot be separated by physical
means means
They do not have fixed melting
The have FIXED melting and
boiling point and boiling point.
THANK YOU!