Parallel Operation of Alternators
Parallel Operation of Alternators
Advantages of Parallel Operation of
Alternators
• Continuity of service
• Efficiency
• Maintenance and repair
• Load growth
Conditions for Paralleling Alternator
• The terminal voltage (r.m.s. value) of the incoming
alternator must be the same as busbars voltage.
• The frequency of the generated voltage of the incoming
alternator must be equal to the busbars frequency.
• The phase of the incoming alternator voltage must be
identical with the phase of the busbars voltage. In other
words, the two voltages must be in phase with each
other.
• The phase sequence of the voltage of the incoming
alternator should be the same as that of the busbars.
Synchronization of Single Phase
Alternators
Lamps Dark Method
Lamps Bright Method
Sychronization of Three Phase Alternators
• Step 1: Start the prime mover of machine B and adjust
its speed to a synchronous speed.
• Step 2: By adjusting the rheostat, the excitation to the
field is adjusted so that induced e.m.f. of B is equal to the
induced e.m.f. of A. This can be verified by voltmeter.
• Step 3: To satisfy remaining conditions, the three lamps
pairs are used which are L1, L2 and L3 as shown in the Fig.
1. These are connected in such a way that pair L1 is
straight connected while the pairs L2 and L3 are cross
connected.
Synchronization by Synchroscope
BLONDEL'S TWO REACTION THEORY
(THEORY OF SALIENT POLE MACHINE)
Determination of Xd and Xq using Slip Test
Vmax
Xd
3I min
Vmin
Xq
3I max
POWER ANGLE CHARACTERISTICS
CAPABILITY CURVES
Short Circuit Transients