RENEWABLE ENERGY
Dr Lipika Parida
Chemical Engineering Department
Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla
(OPEN ELECTIVE-III)
RENEWABLE ENERGY (Code: BCMOE701)
Module-I (8 Hours)
Introduction to Energy Science and Energy Technology; Energy Science and Energy Technology, world energy future, Energy sources and their availability.
Module-II (8 Hours)
Renewable energy sources. Prospects of Renewable energy sources; Solar energy fundamentals and application; Geothermal energy: Introduction, Utilization of Geothermal energy, Geothermal
energy resources, geothermal gradient, Different types of Geothermal Electric power plant and their operations for Geothermal Energy systems in India.
Module-III (8 Hours)
Wind energy: Fundamentals and application, Basic principles of Wind Energy Conversion, Wind Energy conversion system, Performance of wind machines, Electric generation for wind,
Energy
from the oceans: Introduction Ocean Energy conversion Technologies. Types of Ocean Thermal Electric Power Generation system and their operation. Tidal power plant; Hydro Energy:
Introduction, Types hydroelectric plants and energy conversion scheme, Impulse turbine and Reaction turbine. Classification of Hydro-Energy plants.
Module-IV (8 Hours)
Biomass Energy Resources: Introduction, Biomass Conversion Process. Biogas from plant Wastes, communities’ biogas plants. Biochemical conversion, Fermentation, liquid fuels for
biomass; Urban Waste: A source of Energy. Urban solid waste, waste incineration process. Environmental consideration, Fluidized bed combustion boilers for burning solid waste and fossil
fuels.
Module-V (8 Hours)
Energy Conservation: Principle of energy conservation and Energy Audit. Energy conservation Technologies. Co-generation, waste heat utilization, Heat recuperates, Heat regenerators, Heat
Pipes, Heat pumps, Energy storage.
Text Books:
1. S. Rao and Dr. B. B. Parulekar, Energy Technology, Non-conventional, Renewable and Conventional, Khanna
Publishers.
Reference Books:
1. G. D. Rai, Non-conventional Energy Sources, Khanna Publishers.
2. D. S. Chauhan and S. K. Srivastava, Non- Conventional Energy Resources, New Age International Pvt Ltd.
3. G. N. Tiwari, Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Sources, Narosa Publishing House.
Energy
Energy is the capability to produce motion, force, work, change in shape, change in forms.
Energy exists in many forms like
• Chemical energy
• Nuclear energy
• Solar energy
• Mechanical energy
• Electrical energy
• Internal energy
• Thermal energy
• Bio energ
Energy Science
• The energy science deals with scientific principle, characteristics, laws, rules, units/dimensions,
measurements, processes about various forms of energy and energy transformation.
• Energy science is the mother science of physics, thermodynamics, electromagnetics, nuclear science,
mechanical science, chemical science, bio-science etc.
• Energy science mainly deals with ‘energy’ and ‘energy transformation’.
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
• The applied part of energy science for work and processes, useful to human society, nations and individuals is
called Energy Technology
• Mainly distinguish between Primary Energy Resources, intermediate energy forms and usable Energy forms.
• Primary energy Resources---Raw energy
• Intermediate energy---obtained from primary energy resources by one or more processes
• Secondary energy (usable energy)---finally supplied to the consumes for final consumption.
• Energy Technology aims at obtaining more “work content” and “minimising the energy losses”.
• Energy Technology deals with the complete energy route and its steps such as Exploration of energy resources,
Extraction, Processing, Intermediate storage, Transportation, Reprocessing, Intermediate storage, Distribution,
Supply
Coal, petroleum, solar, wind, geothermal Steam, chemicals Fuels, electricity
Energy
RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Renewable energy are those which are renewed by the nature again and again and
their supply is not affected by rate of consumption.
• Example:
• Wind Energy, Solar Energy, Geothermal Energy, Ocean Waves, Hydro-energy etc.
• These are renewed by nature periodically.
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Non-renewable energy resources are those which do not get replenished after their
consumption.
• Example: Coal (Once burnt is consumed without replacement of the same)
• The energy resources which are formed very slowly in nature and which are likely
to be exhausted in a few more decades or centuries are called Non-renewable
• Global demand for each of the fossil
fuels exhibit a peak or plateau.
• Coal demand peaks within the next
few years, natural gas demand
reaches a plateau by the end of the
decade, and oil demand reaches a
high point in the mid‐2030s before
falling.
• The result is that total demand for
fossil fuels declines steadily from the
mid‐2020s by around 2 exajoules (EJ)
(equivalent to 1 million barrels of oil
equivalent per day [mboe/d]) every
year on average to 2050
Sources: World historical oil, natural gas, and coal
consumption from 1950 to 1964 is estimated from
carbon dioxide emissions (Boden, Marland, and
Andres 2017); world primary energy consumption
and its composition from 1965 to 2016 is from BP
(2017); world primary energy consumption and its
composition from 2017 to 2050 is based on this
report’s projections.
Sources: Gross world product in constant 2011
international dollars from 2005 to 2015 is from World Bank
(2017), extended to 2016 using data from IMF (2017,
Statistical Appendix, Table A1); world primary energy
consumption from 2005 to 2016 is from BP (2017).
Indian Energy Scenario
We should assume that no year in our lifetimes
will be colder than 2023.
Now 2024 is very likely to beat 2023 as the warmest year on record
Two-thirds of the world's polar bears could be extinct by 2050 if
greenhouse gas-fueled global warming keeps melting their Arctic sea-ice
habitat.
Over the past year, land and ocean temperatures have soared, far beyond what
was anticipated for an El Niño year. Global average temperatures have breached
the 1.5C mark, indicating that climate transition has been unleashed. From
record-breaking wildfires across continents to catastrophic floods threatening to
submerge major cities, extreme climate events have become the new norm,
causing massive loss of life and economic damage worldwide.
Source: [Link]/commentisfree
/article/2024/may/27/humanity-survival-emissions-resilience-ecosystems-greenhouse-gases
• Some countries get all – or almost all – of their electricity from low-carbon
sources. Paraguay, Iceland, Sweden, and Uruguay, for example, get more
than 95% of their electricity from these sources. France gets more than 90%.
• Kenya has already achieved more than 90% electricity production from
renewable sources, an enormous advantage to its economy.
• However, many other countries are still strongly reliant on fossil fuels, with
only a few percent being low-carbon.