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Understanding Data Normalisation

This document discusses database normalization. Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve structure. It involves creating tables and relationships between tables to accurately represent the data. Normalization has several benefits, such as eliminating redundant data to save space, reducing data inconsistencies, and improving data integrity. Examples are given to illustrate un-normalized and normalized tables in first and second normal form. Common normalization forms like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF are also listed as ways to solve redundant data issues.

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8 views11 pages

Understanding Data Normalisation

This document discusses database normalization. Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve structure. It involves creating tables and relationships between tables to accurately represent the data. Normalization has several benefits, such as eliminating redundant data to save space, reducing data inconsistencies, and improving data integrity. Examples are given to illustrate un-normalized and normalized tables in first and second normal form. Common normalization forms like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF are also listed as ways to solve redundant data issues.

Uploaded by

dennis_is_superman
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NORMALISATION

Done by: Sebastian Koh Team Nutmeg V2

Objectives
Purpose of normalisation

Problems with redundant data

What is normalisation
is the process of efficiently organising data in a database

creating tables and establishing relationships between

tables

Purpose of normalisation
create an accurate representation of the data,

relationships and constraints eliminating redundant data ensuring data dependencies make sense reduce the amount of space a database consumes ensure that data is logically stored prevent possible occurrence of update anomalies permit efficient updates of the data avoid danger of losing data unknowingly

Problems with redundant data


data wastes disk space

creates maintenance problems


might lose data must be changed if data exist more than one place must be changed in exactly the same way in all locations

Example of un-normalised table


Student No Care Person

Staff-Room Class 1 14-7 10-7 21-5-114 15-7-48

Class 2 23-3-67 14-6-64

Class 3 19-1-67 15-6-53

1234A 5678B

Mr Boey Mr Foo

Example of normalised table(1NF) No Repeating Group


Student No Care Person Staff-Room Class No

1234A 1234A 1234A

Mr Boey Mr Boey Mr Boey

14-7 14-7 14-7

21-5-114 23-3-67 19-1-67

5678B
5678B 5678B

Mr Foo
Mr Foo Mr Foo

10-7
10-7 10-7

15-7-48
14-6-64 15-6-53

Example of normalised table(2NF) Eliminating Redundant data


Student No Class No

1234A
Student No Care Person Staff-Room

21-5-114 23-3-67 19-1-67

1234A 1234A

1234A 5678B

Mr Boey Mr Foo

14-7 10-7

5678B
5678B 5678B

15-7-48
14-6-64 15-6-53

Ways to solve redundant data


First Normal Form(1NF)

Second Normal Form(2NF)


Third Normal Form(3NF) Boyce-Codd Normal Form(BCNF)

Reference:
[Link]

[Link] [Link]

THANK YOU

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