Computer System
Basic Computer Operation
What is a Computer?
Derived from the word “compute” which means to calculate
An electronic device that can perform a variety of tasks by executing a
given set of instructions
The acronym for COMPUTER is Common Oriented Machine
Particularly Used for Trade and Education Research
Central Processing Unit
It is the electronic circuitry with computer that carries out the
instructions of a computer program by performing the basic
arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) Operations
specified by the instructions
Brain of the computer
Monitor
displays information in pictorial or textual form
The display in modern monitors is typically an LCD with LED
backligh
Mouse
In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that detects two-
dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically
translated into the motion of a pointer on display which allows for
fine control of a graphical user interface
Keyboard
A keyboard typically has characters engraved or printed on the keys
and each press of a key typically corresponds to single written
symbol.
However, to produce some symbols requires pressing and holding
several keys simultaneously or in sequence
Printer
In computing, a printer is a peripheral which makes a persistent
human readable representation of graphics or text on paper or
similar physical media.
Computer Speaker
Computer Speaker, or multimedia speakers, are speakers external to
a computer, that disable the lower fidelity built-in speaker
Characteristics of a Computer
1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Reliability
4. Storage Capacity
5. Versatility
6. Reduction in Manpower
7. Reduction in Paper work
ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
PEOPLEWARE
DATA
1. HARDWARE
The physical components of a 4 categories of Hardware
computer system
1. Input Devices
It refers to the tangible devices
2. Output Devices
that can be seen, touched and
felt 3. Processing Devices
4. Storage Devices
2. SOFTWARE
another name for programs 2 Kinds of software
includes the programs which 1. System Software
the users use to help them
2. Application Software
finish their work fast.
it includes instructions that
tell the computer how to
process data
is a set of programs or
procedures associated with the
computer system.
2 Kinds of Software
System Software Application Software
1. Operating System 1. Basic Applications
2. BIOS 2. Advanced Applications
3. Device Drivers
4. Utilities software
3. PEOPLEWARE / USERWARE
the people involved in the data processing cycle.
known as the users or end users -any person who can manipulate
and use the computer system and its programs
4. DATA
consists of the raw, Kinds of data
unprocessed facts. Files (Document, Worksheet,
Database)
Sounds
Image
Video
Temp File
MAJOR PARTS OF SYSTEM UNIT
Motherboard
Processor
RAM
Hard drive
Video Card (Graphic Adapter)
Power Supply
MOTHERBOARD
the primary device of the system unit. All other devices are connected to it. The
motherboard unites all computer devices (video card, RAM, sound card, hard drive,
etc.) and links them together, subsequently regulating their close-knit work
Crucial Elements in choosing a motherboard.
[Link].
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[Link] socket.
[Link] factor and case.
[Link] ports.
[Link]-in ports.
[Link] (memory)
PROCESSOR
is an incredibly complex chip that performs billions of mathematical
calculations per second. It is also called a central processing unit (CPU).
Popular CPU Manufacturer
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
system memory. The RAM is connected directly to the motherboard and
carries out a fast exchange of information with the processor.
aims to store and quickly access data. All information on it is lost after the
power is turned off.
Crucial Elements in choosing a RAM.
[Link]
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4.32 or 64 bit
[Link]
VIDEO CARD
graphics accelerator, a computer component responsible for generating and
displaying images. Modern Video Cards support HDMI (High Definition
Multimedia Interface), VGA (Video Graphics Array), and DVI (Digital Visual
Interface).
converts the image in the computer’s memory into a video signal for the
monitor.
POWER SUPPLY
a component that converts electrical energy into
direct current required by the computer.
PARTS OF THE
MOTHERBOARD AND ITS
FUNCTION
Motherboard
A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a
computer, through which all components and external peripherals
connect.
Alternatively referred to as MB, Mobo, Mainboard, mobd,
backplane board, base board, planar board or system board
4 pin CPU Fan
pin-out
4-pin connectors are
usually used by CPU fans
with higher power
consumption