Mathematics

Chapter 1
(Grade 9)
Ms Suyeni / July 2023
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Factorisation

Example:
2 . _____
_____ 3 =6
1) x  5 x  6  0
2

2 3

_____ + _____ = 5
x  2x  3  0
x  2  0 OR x  3  0
x  2 x  3
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Factorisation

Example:
-6 . _____
_____ 1 = -6
2) x  5 x  6  0
2

-6 1

_____ + _____ = -5
x  6x  1  0
x  6  0 OR x  1  0
x6 x  1
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Factorisation
Example:
-10
10 . _____
-1 = -10
3) 2 x  9 x  5  0
2 _____

10 -1

2 x  102 x  1  0 _____ + _____ = 9

2
x  52 x  1  0
x5  0 OR 2 x  1  0
x  5 2x  1
1
x
2
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Factorisation
Example:
-120
15 . _____
_____ -8 = -120
4) 6 y 2  7 y  20  0
6 y  156 y  8  0 15 -8

6 _____ + _____ = 7
6 y  15 . 6 y  8  0
3 2
2 y  53 y  4  0
2y  5  0 OR 3 y  4  0
2 y  5 3y  4
5 4
y y
2 3
Note:

1. Rearrange the equation when needed.

Ex : 1) 5 x  1 0  3 x 2  0
0  3x 2  5 x  1 0

2) 7 x  x 2  1 8  0
x2  7 x 18  0

2. Always make it as “equals 0 equation” before factorise.

Do Exercise 1A page 8 number 1

Solving Quadratic Eq. by Completing the Square
x  3
2
Factorise x  6 x
2

2
 6
x  6x   x    9
2

 2

 x  3  3
2 2

Factorise x  6 x
2

x  6 x  x  3   3
2 2 2
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Completing the Square
x  3
2 Factorise x  6 x  8
2
2
 6
x  6x  8   x    9  8
2

 2
  x  3  3  8
2 2

 x  3  17
2

Factorise x  6 x  8
2

x  6 x  8   x  3  3  8
2 2 2

 x  3  17
2
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Completing the Square

Conclusion:
Completing the square in the form:
2 2
 b b
x  bx  c   x       c
2

 2 2
2 2
 b b
x  bx  c   x       c
2

 2 2
x  bx  c  ?
2

x  bx  c  ?
2
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Completing the Square

Do practice now 3 page 6.

Solving Quadratic Eq. by Completing the Square
Solve x  6 x  0
2
Solve x  6 x  8  0
2

x  6x  0
2 x  6x  8  0
2

x  3  3  0
2 2 x  3  3  8  0
2 2

x  3  9
2 x  3  17
2

x3  9 x  3   17
x  3  3 x  3  4.12
x  3  4.12 x  3  4.12
x33 x  3  3 x  7.12 x  1.12
x0 x  6
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Completing the Square

HW: Exercise 1A page 8

number 3b, d, f, h
4a, c, e, g
Solving Quadratic Eq. by using Formula
ax  bx  c  0
2
 b  b  4ac
2
x
2a
Example:  3  65
x
2 x  3x  7  0
2  b  b 2  4ac 4
x
2a  1.266
a  2, b  3, c  7
 3  3  4.2. 7 
2
  3  65
2.2 x
4
 3  65
  2.766
4
Solving Quadratic Eq. by using Formula
Example :
5x  8x  1  0
2

a  5, b  8, c  1
 b  b  4ac2 8  84
x x
2a 10
 1.717
 (8)   82  4.5. 1

2.5 8  84
x
8  84 10

10  0.117
Solving Quadratic Eq. by using Formula
Example:
x  3x  1  8 x  7
 b  b 2  4ac
x  x  3x  3  8 x  7
2 x
2a
x 2  2 x  3  8x  7   6    6 2
 4.1.4

x  2 x  3  8x  7  0
2
2.1
x  6x  4  0
2 6  20

2
a  1, b  6, c  4
6  20 6  20
x x
2 2
 5.236  0.764
Solving Quadratic Eq. by using Formula

How if b 2  4ac  0? The equation has 2 solutions.

How if b 2
 4ac  0 ? The equation has 1 solution.

How if b 2
 4ac  0 ? The equation has no solution.

Do exercise 1B page 13
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Graphical Method
Example :
y  2x  4x 1
2

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y 15 5 -1 -3 -1 5 15

For x  2  y  2 2   4 2   1

2

y  15
For x  1  y  2 1  4 1  1
2

y5
For x  0  y  20   40   1
2

y  1
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Graphical Method
Example :
y  2x  4x 1
2

Hence,solve 2 x  4 x  1  0.
2

Ans : y  2 x  4 x  1
2


0  2x  4x 1
2

y=0
x  0.2 OR x  2.2
 Solving Quadratic Eq. by Graphical Method
By drawing the graph of y = 8x - x2 - 16 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 8 , solve the equation
8x - x2 - 16 = 0 graphically.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y -16 -9 -4 -1 0 -1 -4 -9 -16

For x  0  y   x 2  8 x  16
y  0   80   16
2

y  16
For x  1  y   1  81  16
 2

y  9
For x  2  y  2   82   16
2

y  4
Solving Quadratic Eq. by Graphical Method

HW: Exercise 1C page 17 number 2 and 7

Solving Fractional Equations
Example :
3 0  3x 2  5 x  5
 3x  1
x2
a  3, b  5, c  5
3 3x  1
 cross-multiplication  5  5  43 5
2
x2 1 x
3 23
3  x  2 3 x  1
x  23x  1  5  85

3  3x  x  6 x  2
2
6
3  3x 2  5 x  2  5  85  5  85
x x
6 6
0  3x  5 x  2  3
2
 0.703  2.370
Solving Fractional Equations
Example:
5 x 1 5 x  10  x  4 x  3
2
 7 7
x 3 x 2 x  5x  6
2

5.x  2   x  1
. x  3  x  9 x  13 7
2

 7 
x  3. x  2 x  2. x  3 x  5x  6
2
1


5 x  10  x  3 x  x  3
2

7
 x  9 x  13  7 x  35x  42
2 2

x  3x  2 0  8 x 2  44x  55

5 x  10  x  4 x  3
2

7
x  3x  2 x  6
2
Solving Fractional Equations
8 x  44x  55  0
2
a  8, b  44, c  55

  44   44  4855

2

x
28
44  176

16

44  176 44  176
x x
16 16
 3.579  1.921
Solving Fractional Equations
Example:
3 1 3x  7 2
 2 
x  2 x  2  x  4x  4 1
2 2

3.x  2 1
 2 3x  7  2 x  8 x  8
2

x  2. x  2 x  2. x  2
0  2 x  11x  15
2
3x  6  1
2
x  2x  2
3x  7
2
x  2x  2x  4
2
Solving Fractional Equations
2 x  11x  15  0
2
a  2, b  11, c  15

  11   11  42 15

2

x
22 
11  1

4

11  1 11  1
x x
4 4
3  2 .5
Graphs of Quadratic Function

Do Thinking Time page 28

Graphs of the form y = (x – h)(x – k) or y = –(x – h)(x – k)
Go to [Link]
Graphs of the form y = (x – h)(x – k):
- open upwards
- cuts the x-axis / x-intercepts when y = 0
- cuts the y-axis / y-intercept when x = 0
Total of x  intercepts
- line of symmetry xs =
2
Graphs of the form y = (x – h)(x – k) or y = –(x – h)(x – k)
Go to [Link]
Graphs of the form y = –(x – h)(x – k):
- open downwards
- cuts the x-axis / x-intercepts when y = 0
- cuts the y-axis / y-intercept when x = 0
Total of x  intercepts
- line of symmetry xs =
2
Graphs of the form y = (x – h)(x – k) or y = –(x – h)(x – k)
Sketch the graph y = (x + 2)(x – 6).
Ans: - open upwards
- cuts the x-axis / x-intercepts when y = 0
0 = (x + 2)(x – 6)
x = -2 or x = 6
(-2, 0) (6, 0)
- cuts the y-axis / y-intercept when x = 0
y = (0 + 2)(0 – 6) y = -12
y = (2)(– 6) (0, -12)
Graphs of the form y = (x – h)(x – k) or y = –(x – h)(x – k)
Sketch the graph y = (x + 2)(x – 6).

Ans: - line of symmetry xs = Total of x  intercepts

2
26

2
2
Graphs of the form y = (x – h)(x – k) or y = –(x – h)(x – k)

Sketch the graph y = –(x + 2)(x – 6).

Graphs of the form y = (x – h)(x – k) or y = –(x – h)(x – k)

Do Class Discussion page 34.

 Graphs of the form y = (x – p)2 + q or y = –(x – p)2 + q
Go to [Link]
Graphs of the form y = (x – p)2 + q:
- open upwards
- cuts the x-axis / x-intercepts when y = 0
- cuts the y-axis / y-intercept when x = 0
- Min point / Turning point =
 p, q 
x  p   0
x p yq
- line of symmetry xs = p
 Graphs of the form y = (x – p)2 + q or y = –(x – p)2 + q
Go to [Link]
Graphs of the form y = –(x – p)2 + q:
- open downwards
- cuts the x-axis / x-intercepts when y = 0
- cuts the y-axis / y-intercept when x = 0
- Max point / Turning point =
 p, q 
x  p   0
x p yq
- line of symmetry xs = p
 Graphs of the form y = (x – p)2 + q or y = –(x – p)2 + q
Sketch the graph y = –(x – 2)2 + 9.
Ans: - open downwards
- cuts the x-axis / x-intercepts when y = 0
0 = –(x – 2)2 + 9
(x – 2)2 = 9
x–2=±
x = ±3 + 2

x = 3 + 2 = 5 (5, 0) x = –3 + 2 = –1 (-1, 0)
 Graphs of the form y = (x – p)2 + q or y = –(x – p)2 + q
Sketch the graph y = –(x – 2)2 + 9.
- cuts the y-axis / y-intercept when x = 0
y = –(0 – 2)2 + 9
y = –(–2)2 + 9
y=5 (0, 5)
- Max point / Turning point = 2, 9
x  2   0
x2 y9
- line of symmetry xs = 2
Graphs of the form y = (x – p)2 + q or y = –(x – p)2 + q

Sketch the graph y = (x + 1)2 – 1.

Applications of Quadratic Eq.

Ans : AB  x  8  17
AB  17  8  x
AB  9  x
Applications of Quadratic Eq.
Hence, formulate an equation in x and show that it simplifies
to 2 x  18. x  17  0
2

Ans: Use Phytagoras Theorem

a b  c
2 2 2

x  9  x   8
2 2 2

x  81 18x  x  64
2 2

2 x  18x  17  0
2
Applications of Quadratic Eq.
Solve the equation 2 x  18x  17  0 , giving both answers
2

correct to 3 d.p.
2 x 2  18x  17  0 a  2, b  18, c  17

  18   18  42 17
   2

x
22 
18  188

4
18  188 18  188
x x
4 4
 7.928  1.072
Applications of Quadratic Eq.
Hence, find the area of the triangle.

When x  7.928,then 9  x
 9  7.928
 1.072
bh
So, A 
2
1.072 7.928  4.25 cm 2

2
Applications of Quadratic Eq.

Do Exercise 1E page 33 number 1

 Applications of Quadratic Eq.

60
Ans :
60 x2
Ans :
x
Applications of Quadratic Eq.

60 60 120x  120
Ans :   144  144
x x2 x  2x
2

60.( x  2) 60.x 120x  120  144x 2  288x

  144
x.( x  2) x  2 .x
÷24
0  144x  168x  120
2

60x  120  60x 0  6x  7x  5

2
 144
x  2x
2
Applications of Quadratic Eq.

6x2  7x  5  0 a  6, b  7, c  5

 7  7 2  46  5
x
26 
 7  169

12
 7  13  7  13
x x
12 12
1 5
  NA
2 3
Applications of Quadratic Eq.

60 144
Ans : pages/ min So, t 
x2 24
60
 pages/ min  6 mins
0.5  2

 24 pages/ min
Applications of Quadratic Eq.

Do Exercise 1E page 33 number 3 and 4

Applications of Quadratic Eq.

Ans : VPQ  x km/h s  v.t s  v.t

  1
t PQ  t 600 x.t 600  x  7 . t  
600  4
VQP  x  7  km/h t 
x  600 1 
 1 600  x  7 .  
tQP   t   h  x 4
 4
Applications of Quadratic Eq.

s  v.t 1 4200 7
600  600  x  
 1 4 x 4
600  x  7 . t   .4x
 4 0   x  16800 7 x
2

 600 1  x  7 x  16800 0
2
600  x  7 .  
 x 4
Applications of Quadratic Eq.

x 2  7 x  16800 0 a  1, b  7, c  16800
 7  7 2  41 16800
x
21
 7  67249

2
 7  67249  7  67249
x x
2 2
 126.16  133.16 NA
Applications of Quadratic Eq.

600 1
Ans : t  
x 4
600 1
t 
126.16 4

t  4.51 h
Applications of Quadratic Eq.

Do Exercise 1E page 33 number 6

The End