LOAD FACTOR
.
CONTENTS
• TYPES OF LOAD
• INTRODUCTION
• FORMULA
• EXAMPLES
TYPES OF LOAD
• Demand factor
• Load factor
• Diversity factor
• Utilization factor
• Power factor
INTRODUCTION
• Load factor is defined as the ratio of average load
to the maximum demand for given period
Of time.
• Load factor is always less then unity(>1).
• Load factor is also known as efficiency.
• A high load factor is “good thing” and a low load
factor is “bad thing”.
FORMULA
OR
OR
• Increasing the maximum demand then
decrease the load factor,inversely proportional
relation and vise versa.
• Increasing the value of average demand then
will increase the load [Link]’s mean plant is
operating near it’s rated capacity,therefore the
cost of per unit power generation will be less.
• The average demand will always less then
maximum demand.
Maximum load = 200kwh
Average load =175 kw
EXAMPLE
A utility's load factor is its average load as a percentage of its
peak load. Think of it in terms of an airplane flying without all
of its seats full. If the utility distributes power to a dedicated
transformer at a customer's facility which has a 100-seat
capacity and can fly 365 days a year, but only has 50 percent
of its seats full, the customer's load factor is 50 percent.
Large industrial customers can have load factors of more than
90 percent and customers such as convention centers can
have load factors of under 10 percent. It is much more
expensive to serve the customers with low load factors. The
more high load factor customers a utility has, the higher the
utility's own load factor will be. In this business, the higher
the load factor, the better.
Example
This load factor indicates the monthly energy consumption of 36,000 kWh used by the
customer was 50% of the total energy available (72,000 kWh) for use at the 80 kW level.
To determine the load factor, you can use the following formula:
Total kWh for the billing period x 100
(Peak Demand X # of Days X 24 Hours)
________36, 000 kWh_x 100___
80 kW x 30 days x 24 hrs/day
36,000 kWh x 100
----------------------
57,600 kWh
= 0.625 x 100
= 62.5% load factor
ANOTHER EXAMPLE
Total kWh = 18,000 kWh
Demand = 50 kW
The number of Days = 30
Hours per Day = 24
______18, 000 kWh__x 100_____
(50 kW X 30 Days X 24 Hours)
18,000 kWh x 100
----------------------
36,000 kWh
= 0.50 x 100
= 50%
THANK YOU