IMPROPER INTEGRALS

Improper Integral

:TYPE-I :TYPE-II
Discontinuous Integrand
Infinite Limits of Integration
Integrands with Vertical
Asymptotes

Example
Example
 1
1 x 2
dx 1 1
1 x 2 dx
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
DEFINITION OF AN IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF TYPE 1

f ( x) dx  lim  f ( x) dx 

 t
 a t   a 

Example

 1
1 x 2
dx
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
DEFINITION OF AN IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF TYPE 1 Example

f ( x) dx  lim   f ( x) dx 
b b 0

 
xe x dx
 t    t 
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
DEFINITION OF AN IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF TYPE 1

f ( x) dx  lim  f ( x) dx 

 t
 a t   a 

f ( x) dx  lim   f ( x) dx 

b b
 t    t 
The improper integrals
 b
a
f ( x) dx

f ( x) dx

are called convergent if the corresponding limit exists

and divergent if the limit does not exist.

IMPROPER INTEGRALS
DEFINITION OF AN IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF TYPE 1

f ( x) dx  lim  f ( x) dx 

 t
a t   a 

Example

 1
1 x
dx
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
DEFINITION OF AN IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF TYPE 1

 
f ( x) dx convergent

If both improper integrals

a


a
f ( x) dx 
f ( x) dx

are convergent

 a 
 
f ( x) dx  

f ( x) dx   f ( x) dx
a

Example  1
  x 1
2
dx
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
:Memorize (We need it for chapter10)

Example  1  1  1  1 1 

1 x 2
dx
1 x
dx 
1 x100
dx 
1 x 
dx

1

x

10
dx 
1
x 4 dx

convg divg convg convg divg divg

IMPROPER INTEGRALS

Improper Integral

:TYPE-I :TYPE-II
Discontinuous Integrand
Infinite Limits of Integration
Integrands with Vertical
Asymptotes

Example
Example
 1
1 x 2
dx 1 1
1 x 2 dx
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
DEFINITION OF AN IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF TYPE 2

f ( x) dx  lim   f ( x) dx 

b b
a t a  t 
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

DEFINITION OF AN IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF TYPE 2

f ( x) dx  lim   f ( x) dx 

b t

a t b   a 
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

DEFINITION OF AN IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF TYPE 2

f ( x) dx  lim   f ( x) dx 

b t
a t b   a 

Example
 /2
0
sec x dx
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

DEFINITION OF AN IMPROPER INTEGRAL OF TYPE 2

b c b

a
f ( x) dx   f ( x) dx   f ( x) dx
a c

Example
3 1
0 x 1
dx
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

Example

 1
 1 x 2
dx  1

Example

 1
1 x
dx  
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

Example

1
 0
ln x dx
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

Comparison
Tests
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

(If bigger convg  smaller convg)

(If smaller divg  bigger divg)

IMPROPER INTEGRALS
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

F112
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

082
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

F092
IMPROPER INTEGRALS
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

F092
IMPROPER INTEGRALS

F102