COMPUTER LANGUAGES
Ashwini K S
INTRODUCTION
To explain the computer about how to perform a task, the
computer programmer writes a set of instructions and it
is called a program.
Hence “ A set of instructions written to perform a
particular task is called a program”
“Process of writing the program is called
programming”
A set of programs written to instruct a computer is
called the software.
These programs are written in any computer language.
TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES
FIRST GENERATION LANGUAGE
It is also known as binary or machine language.
These binary languages are mostly based on 0&1.
These languages are quite difficult to understand.
To develop a program in first generation language is a
complicated task.
It is machine dependent language.
It is also known as low level language (lll).
The programs written on binary language get executed
very fast.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages Disadvantages
Fast execution of Difficult to debug
program Machine dependent
Uses less memory
SECOND GENERATION LANGUAGE
These languages are also belong to the category of low
level language (lll).
Second generation language were also known as
assembly language.
The binary digits o&1 were replaced by some special
codes known as Mnemonics eg:-sub = -,
add=+,div=/,sav=save.
This language is machine dependent language.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages Disadvantages
Uses English words. Machine dependent
Easy to locate errors. Time consuming
THIRD GENERATION LANGUAGES
They are also known as high level language (HLL).
In this the commands written are in simple English
language.
Third generation language were portable.
As the commands written are in simple language so
special software were develop which are known as
Language processor.
For example:-LOGO, PASCAL,COBOL,JAVA etc….
FEATURES
it is user friendly
Machine independent
Uses English words and mathematical operators.
FORTH GENERATION LANGUAGES
As 3rd generation languages were based on certain syntax
,which a programmer has to follow during developing a
program which is known as procedural language.
To overcome from this problem fourth generation
language were evolved.
These programs were written in non-procedural way
For example SQL, Wave, Python etc…
FEATURES
Its more programmer friendly.
Needs less efforts.
Possess high speed execution
Enhances the programming efficiency.
FIFTH GENERATION LANGUAGES
5th generation languages are advanced high level
languages.
These languages are used in AI research
Here the language develops the program solution by
itself.
The program has to dictate the problem and how the
solution should look like.
These languages are still in development.
Examples of 5GL are Prolog,OPS5 and Mercury.
TRANSLATORS
ASSEMBLER
An assembler translates Assembly language program
into machine language program.
The program written in assembly language is called
source code
Converted program is called object code
COMPILER
A compiler is a program that takes program written high
level language and translates it into machine language.
The action of translating the high-level programming
language code is called compiling.
The computer takes the program written by user and first
cheeks for mistakes.
If there are mistakes , it will show them and then user
has to correct all the mistakes.
In computer language mistakes are called errors.
If there are no mistakes/errors then it converts it into
computer machine language in one attempt .
INTERPRETER
Interpreter is also a program which converts source
program into machine code/object code.
Interpreter method of conversion is different from
compiler.
It analyses the source program line by line .
Here the a line of program is analysed, object code is
created.