TIDAL POWER PLANT
Advantages
The energy is free – no fuel needed, no waste produced
Not expensive to operate and maintain
Can produce a great deal of energy
Disadvantages
Depends on the waves – sometimes you’ll get loads of
energy, sometimes almost nothing
Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently
strong
Some designs are noisy. But then again, so are waves,
so any noise is unlikely to be a problem
Must be able to withstand
Environmental Impact-
• Noise pollution
• Displace productive fishing sites
• Change the pattern of beach sand nourishment
• Alter food chains and disrupt migration patterns
• Offshore devices will displace bottom-dwelling organisms where they connect into
the
Geothermal Energy
•Earth emits some 44TW of energy. Not
homogeneously
•As a rough rule, 1 km3 of hot rock cooled by
1000C will yield 30 MW of electricity over thirty
years.
•The heat flux from the center of the Earth can
fulfill human energy demands (Joules are
there, by techniques….)
Geothermal Energy Sources
Hot Water Reservoirs: hot underground water. Large number, but best suited for
space heating
Natural Steam Reservoirs: Steam comes to the surface. This type of resource is rare in
the US.
Geopressured Reservoirs: Brine saturated with natural gas (overpressurized). This
type of resource can be used for both heat and for natural gas.
DRY STEAM: steam moves through
turbine and condenses to form water
which acts as heat source
FLASH STEAM: extremely hot water is
turned or “flashed” into steam from a
decrease in pressure, steam drives
turbine to produce heat energy
BINARY CYCLE: hot water goes through
heat exchanger, heats up another fluid
such as isobutane in a closed loop
system, second fluid now boils at
lower temperature than hot water and
turns to steam much faster, steam
drives turbine
=> most commonly used
(steam = rare)
MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMICS (MHD) SYSTEM
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Need of MHDs
3. Principle Of MHD Power Generation
4. Types of MHD SYSTEM
5. Open Cycle MHD System
6. Closed Cycle MHD System
7. Diffrence between Open Cycle and
Closed Cycle MHD System
8. Advantages OF MHD System
9. Disadvantages of MHD System
10. Applications
11. Conclusion
Introduction
Magneto HydroDynamic (MHD) system is a non-
conventional source of energy which is based upon
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which
states that energy is generated due to the movement of
an electric conductor inside a magnetic field.
Concept given by Michael Faraday in
1832 for the first time.
MHD System widely used in advanced
countries.
Under construction in INDIA.
Need of MHDs
At present a plenty of energy is needed to
sustain industrial and agricultural production,
and the existing conventional energy sources
like coal, oil, uranium etc are not adequate to
meet the ever increasing energy demands.
Consequently, efforts have been made for
harnessing energy from several non-
conventional energy sources like Magneto
Hydro Dynamics(MHD) System.
Principle Of MHD Power Generation
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction : When an
electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, an emf is
induced in it, which produces an electric current .
Lorentz Force on the
charged particle (vector),
F = q(v × B)
where,
v = velocity of the particle
(vector)
q= charge of the particle
(scalar)
B = magnetic field (vector)
Comparison between a Turbo generator
and a MHD generator
Types of
MHD SYSTEM
(1)Open cycle System
(2)Closed cycle System
(i)Seeded inert gas systems
(ii) Liquid metal systems
OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
HYBRID MHD STEAM PART OPEN CYCLE
CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN CYCLE
AND CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM
Open Cycle System Closed Cycle System
Working fluid after generating Working fluid is recycled to the
electrical energy is discharged heat sources and thus is used
to the atmosphere through a again.
stack .
Operation of MHD generator is Helium or argon(with cesium
done directly on combustion seeding) is used as the working
products . fluid.
Temperature requirement : Temperature requirement : about
2300˚C to 2700˚C. 530˚C.
More developed. Less developed.
NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
The MHD channel operates on extreme conditions of
temperature, magnetic and electric fields .
So, numerous technological advancements are
needed prior to commercialization of MHD systems .
Search is on for better insulator and electrode
materials which can with stand the electrical,
thermal, mechanical and thermo-chemical stresses
and corrosion.
ADVANTAGES OF MHD
SYSTEM
Conversion efficiency of about 50% .
Less fuel consumption.
Large amount of pollution free power generated .
Ability to reach full power level as soon as started.
Plant size is considerably smaller than
conventional fossil fuel plants .
Less overall generation cost.
No moving parts, so more reliable .
DISADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM
Suffers from reverse flow (short circuits) of
electrons through the conducting fluids around
the ends of the magnetic field.
Needs very large magnets and this is a major
expense.
High friction and heat transfer losses.
High operating temperature.
Coal used as fuel poses problem of molten ash
which may short circuit the electrodes. Hence, oil
or natural gas are much better fuels for MHDs.
Restriction on use of fuel makes the operation
more expensive.
APPLICATIONS
Power generation in space craft.
Hypersonic wind tunnel experiments.
Defense application.
CONCLUSION
The MHD power generation is in advanced stage today
and closer to commercial utilization. Significant progress
has been made in development of all critical
components and sub system technologies. Coal burning
MHD combined steam power plant promises significant
economic and environmental advantages compared to
other coal burning power generation technologies. It
will not be long before the technological problem of
MHD systems will be overcame and MHD system
would transform itself from non- conventional to
conventional energy sources.
THANK YOU !!