PROJECTILES
-Motion Under Gravity
- Time of Flight
- Maximum Height
- Range
MOTION UNDER GRAVITY
PROJECTIONS
FOR OBJECTS PROJECTED VERTICALLY
UPWARDS,
Final velocity (v) = 0 [At maximum
height]
Acceleration (a) = - g
These two conditions can be substituted into
any of the equations of motion, when solving
problems.
PROJECTIONS
FOR OBJECTS PROJECTED VERTICALLY
DOWNWARDS, FALLING FREELY, DROPPED /
RELEASED FROM A HEIGHT,
Initial velocity (u) = 0
Acceleration (a) = + g
These two conditions can be substituted into any of
the equations of motion, when solving problems.
EXAMPLE 1
A ball is thrown vertically upwards
from the ground with an initial
velocity of 10m/s. Calculate
• the maximum height reached by the
body
• The time taken to reach the
maximum height.
EXAMPLE 2
A fruit drops from the top of a
tree 20m high. Calculate
• The time taken to reach the
ground
• Its velocity just before hitting the
ground.
CLASS TASK
• A body is projected vertically
upwards with a speed of 10ms-
1
from a point 2m above the
ground. Calculate the total
time taken for the body to
reach the ground. [g = 10ms ] -2
PROJECTIONS
PROJECTILES
EXAMPLE 3
A particle is projected
horizontally at 15ms-1 from a
height of 20m. Calculate the
horizontal distance covered by
the particle just before hitting the
ground.
EXAMPLE 4
A stone projected horizontally from
the top of a tower with a speed of
4ms-1 lands on the level ground at a
horizontal distance 25m from the
foot of the tower. Calculate the
height of the tower. [g=10ms2]
EXAMPLE 5
An object is projected at 20ms-1
horizontally from the top of an
80m high cliff. Calculate the (a)
time taken by the object hit the
ground (b) Range [g = 10ms ].-2
PROJECTILES
PROJECTILES
Projectiles can also be released at an angle to
the horizontal. Here, there are three major
parameters necessary in order to study the
motion.
• Time of Flight (T) : This refers to the total time
spent by the projectile in air.
• Maximum Height (H)
• Range (R)
EQUATIONS
EXAMPLE 6
A particle is projected at an angle of
30° to the horizontal with a speed of
[Link] the
• time of flight of the particle
• Maximum height attained
• Range covered
MAXIMUM RANGE
EXAMPLE 7
An object is projected with a
velocity of 50m/s from ground
level at an angle ɸ to the
vertical. If the total time of
flight of the projectile is 5s,
what is the value of ɸ?
EXAMPLE 8
A projectile is fired at an
angle of 300 to the horizontal
with a velocity of 40ms .-1
Calculate the velocity
attained after 1s. [g = 10ms-2]
EXAMPLE 9
A tennis ball projected at an
angle θ attains a range R =
78m. If the velocity imparted
to the ball by the racket is
30m/s, calculate θ.
EXAMPLE 10
A stone, Q is thrown with velocity U at angle
of 75° to the horizontal. Another stone R is
thrown with the same velocity U but at an
angle of 15° to the horizontal The ranges
covered by the stones will be
A. greater for Q
B. B. greater for R
C. C. the same for Q and R
D. greater for heavier of two stones.
EXAMPLE 11
A shooter wants to fire a bullet
in such a way that its horizontal
range is equal to three times its
maximum height. At what angle
should he fire the bullet to
achieve this?
EXAMPLE 12
If a ball is to be kicked with a
velocity of 40m/s so that it
obtains maximum range, how
long will the ball spend in air
before reaching its maximum
height?
ASSIGNMENT
A stone is projected upwards at an angle of 30° to the
horizontal from the top of a tower of height 100m and
it hits the ground at a point Q. If the initial velocity of
projection is 100ms-1, calculate the;
(i) maximum height of the stone above the ground.
(ii) Time it takes to reach this height;
(lii) Time of flight.
(iv) Horizontal distance from the foot of the tower to
the point Q. (Neglect air resistance and take g as
10ms'2)
ASSIGNMENT 2
A bullet shot hits the ground 4 km
away, which was at an angle of 30°
with the plane. What should be the
projection angle to hit a target 6
km away? Neglect air resistance
and assume fixed muzzle speed.